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Proliferation rate and migration capacity of HepG2 cells were higher in the co-culture group than the control group, which was closely associated with quantities of E. granulosus PSCs and co-culture time length. Moreover, HepG2 cells co-cultured with E. granulosus PSCs had stronger invasion ability than the control HepG2 cells. Importantly, there existed significant differences in the volume and weight of subcutaneous lesions after transplanting HepG2 cells with E. granulosus PSCs than the control group. HepG2 cells were also more pathologically heterogeneous in morphology after transplantation with E. granulosus PSCs. Thus, E. granulosus PSCs may promote proliferation and invasion of HCC cells.LncRNA HCP5 has been confirmed to play crucial roles in many types of cancers. However, the role of lncRNA HCP5 in regulating the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the precise effects of lncRNA HCP5 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion and molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer. Using RT-qPCR analysis, we found that lncRNA HCP5 was differentially expressed in GC cell lines. CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assay indicated that the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were inhibited by downregulation of lncRNA HCP5 and lncRNA HCP5 overexpression exhibited the opposite effects in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between lncRNA HCP5 and DDX21. The effects of lncRNA HCP5 overexpression the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells were partly rescued by DDX21 silencing. Taken together, downregulation of lncRNA HCP5 exerted inhibitory effects on GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through modulation of DDX21 expression, demonstrating the function of lncRNA HCP5 and DDX21 in GC progression.The peak alignment is a vital preprocessing step before downstream analysis, such as biomarker discovery and pathway analysis, for two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (2DGCMS)-based metabolomics data. Due to uncontrollable experimental conditions, e.g., the differences in temperature or pressure, matrix effects on samples, and stationary phase degradation, a shift of retention times among samples inevitably occurs during 2DGCMS experiments, making it difficult to align peaks. Various peak alignment algorithms have been developed to correct retention time shifts for homogeneous, heterogeneous or both type of mass spectrometry data. However, almost all existing algorithms have been focused on a local alignment and are suffering from low accuracy especially when aligning dense biological data with many peaks. We have developed four global peak alignment (GPA) algorithms using coherent point drift (CPD) point matching algorithms retention time-based CPD-GPA (RT), prior CPD-GPA (P), mixture CPD-GPA (M), and prior mixture CPD-GPA (P+M). The method RT performs the peak alignment based only on the retention time distance, while the methods P, M, and P+M carry out the peak alignment using both the retention time distance and mass spectral similarity. The method P incorporates the mass spectral similarity through prior information and the methods M and P+M use the mixture distance measure. Four developed algorithms are applied to homogeneous and heterogeneous spiked-in data as well as two real biological data and compared with three existing algorithms, mSPA, SWPA, and BiPACE-2D. The results show that our CPD-GPA algorithms perform better than all existing algorithms in terms of F1 score.Adaptive time stepping methods for metastable dynamics of the Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations are investigated in the spatially continuous, semi-discrete setting. We analyse the performance of a number of first and second order methods, formally predicting step sizes required to satisfy specified local truncation error σ in the limit of small length scale parameter ϵ → 0 during meta-stable dynamics. The formal predictions are made under stability assumptions that include the preservation of the asymptotic structure of the diffuse interface, a concept we call profile fidelity. In this setting, definite statements about the relative behaviour of time stepping methods can be made. Some methods, including all so-called energy stable methods but also some fully implicit methods, require asymptotically more time steps than others. The formal analysis is confirmed in computational studies. We observe that some provably energy stable methods popular in the literature perform worse than some more standard schemes. We show further that when Backward Euler is applied to meta-stable Allen-Cahn dynamics, the energy decay and profile fidelity properties for these discretizations are preserved for much larger time steps than previous analysis would suggest. The results are established asymptotically for general interfaces, with a rigorous proof for radial interfaces. It is shown analytically and computationally that for most reaction terms, Eyre type time stepping performs asymptotically worse due to loss of profile fidelity.In this paper, we survey the methods and concepts developed for the evaluation of dialogue systems. Evaluation, in and of itself, is a crucial part during the development process. Often, dialogue systems are evaluated by means of human evaluations and questionnaires. However, this tends to be very cost- and time-intensive. Thus, much work has been put into finding methods which allow a reduction in involvement of human labour. In this survey, we present the main concepts and methods. find more For this, we differentiate between the various classes of dialogue systems (task-oriented, conversational, and question-answering dialogue systems). We cover each class by introducing the main technologies developed for the dialogue systems and then present the evaluation methods regarding that class.No one questions the existence of presumptive knowledge of invisible organisms causing disease, decay and destruction mentioned before the discovery of the microbial world by Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, who was the first to describe the invisible world as per literature available today. However, the knowledge about microbial world by Indian Rishis presented in Sanskrit shlokas or suktas of our traditional manuscripts such as Vedas remained unseen, where the Rishis had predicted the role of microorganisms known as Krimi or Jeevanu years before Leeuwenhoek. This note is an attempt to bring an emphasis to revisit our traditional Vedic knowledge and establish them through research based facts for wider acceptance globally.