Bergmannpugh6301

98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) or good self-rated health (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02). Likewise, the amount of green space within 800 m buffers did not predict depressed affect (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) or good self-rated health (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02). Findings were consistent across all cohorts.

Data from four European ageing cohorts provide no support for the hypothesis that green space exposure is associated with subjective health or depressed affect. While longitudinal evidence is required, these findings suggest that green space may be less important for older urban residents.

Data from four European ageing cohorts provide no support for the hypothesis that green space exposure is associated with subjective health or depressed affect. JAK cancer While longitudinal evidence is required, these findings suggest that green space may be less important for older urban residents.

A common reproach precluding the use of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in pediatrics is a lack of evidence regarding its safety, feasibility, and effectiveness.

We conducted a systematic, scoping review of pediatric osteopathic medicine to identify gaps in the literature and make recommendations for future research.

We searched 10 databases using 6 key words and medical subject heading terms for any primary articles reporting OMM use in children published from database inception until initiation of the study.

Articles were selected if they reported primary data on OMM conducted in the United States on patient(s) 0 to 18 years old.

Baseline study characteristics were collected from each article and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system was used to critically appraise each study.

Database search yielded 315 unique articles with 30 studies fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 13 reported the data required to demonstrate statisticall, feasibility, and efficacy in pediatrics.

Men engaged in high physical activity have lower risks of advanced and fatal prostate cancer. Mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood but may include systemic and tumor-specific effects. We investigated potential mechanisms linking physical activity and gene expression in prostate tissue from men with prostate cancer.

We included a subset of 118 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1986 and 2005 with whole-transcriptome gene expression profiling on tumor and adjacent normal prostate tissue and physical activity data. Long-term vigorous physical activity was self-reported as the average time spent engaged in various forms of recreational physical activity at baseline and biennially until prostate cancer diagnosis. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed among KEGG and Hallmark gene sets to identify pathways with differential expression based on vigorous physical activity.

In adjacent normal tissue, we identified 25 KEGG gene sets enriched (downregulated) in the highest compared with lowest quintile of vigorous physical activity at an FDR <0.10, including a number of cancer- and immune-related pathways. Although no gene sets reached statistical significance in tumor tissue, top gene sets differentially expressed included TGF beta, apoptosis, and p53 signaling pathways.

These findings suggest that physical activity may influence the tumor microenvironment. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and further investigate potential mechanisms linking physical activity to lethal prostate cancer.

Identification of gene expression alterations in the prostate associated with physical activity can improve our understanding of prostate cancer etiology.

Identification of gene expression alterations in the prostate associated with physical activity can improve our understanding of prostate cancer etiology.

DNA methylated in

and

are promising circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection. This study tested for variables that might be associated with their detection in patients without colonoscopically evident colorectal cancer so-called false positives.

A retrospective review of demographic and clinical variables was conducted on patients who were assayed for these biomarkers prior to a colonoscopy for any indication. Potential relationships between detection of these biomarkers and patient variables in patients without colorectal cancer were identified by logistic regression. An age- and sex-matched case-control study was undertaken to identify additional associations.

A total of 196 of 1,593 patients undergoing colonoscopy were positive for

and/or

methylation; 70 (35.7%) had confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Of the 126 false positives, biomarker levels were significantly lower than in those with colorectal cancer (

< 0.05), with the total cell-free circulating DNA concentration associated with biomarker detection (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.22), and 83 (65.9%) of the non-colorectal cancer cases positive for methylated

only. Age ≥70 years was the only demographic variable associated with biomarker detection (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.50-12.41). No significant associations were seen with medications or comorbidities (

> 0.05). Four cases without colonoscopically evident colorectal cancer but with biomarker levels above the median for patients with colorectal cancer were diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma within 1 year.

False-positive results were most commonly associated with detection of methylated

only, as well as age ≥70 years.

In the absence of colonoscopically evident colorectal cancer, a high level of circulating methylated DNA warrants investigations for cancers at other sites.

In the absence of colonoscopically evident colorectal cancer, a high level of circulating methylated DNA warrants investigations for cancers at other sites.

It is not known whether modifiable lifestyle factors that predict survival after invasive breast cancer differ by subtype.

We analyzed data for 121,435 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 67 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium with 16,890 deaths (8,554 breast cancer specific) over 10 years. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between risk factors and 10-year all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) status, and by intrinsic-like subtype.

There was no evidence of heterogeneous associations between risk factors and mortality by subtype (



> 0.30). The strongest associations were between all-cause mortality and BMI ≥30 versus 18.5-25 kg/m

[HR (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19 (1.06-1.34)]; current versus never smoking [1.37 (1.27-1.47)], high versus low physical activity [0.43 (0.21-0.86)], age ≥30 years versus <20 years at first pregnancy [0.79 (0.72-0.86)]; >0-<5 years versus ≥10 years since last full-term birth [1.