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rience is undertaken. The study provides insight into how the WBL can work, what it requires (e.g. resource, preparation), and learning to inform the wider implementation of this WBL into the undergraduate curriculum.

Frail subjects are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess their risk of falls, all-cause mortality, and fractures.

We used a retrospective cohort study using the SIDIAP database (>6 million residents). Subjects ≥75 years old with ≥1 year of valid data (2007- 2015) were included. Follow-up from (the latest of) date of cohort entry up to migration, end of the study period or outcome (whichever came first). The eFRAGICAP classified subjects as Fit, Mild, Moderate or Severely Frail. Outcomes (ICD-10) were incident falls, fractures (overall/hip/vertebral) and all-cause mortality during the study period. Statistics Hazard Ratios (HR), 95% CI adjusted (per age, sex and socio-economic status) and un-adjusted cause-specific Cox models, accounting for competing risk of death (Fit group as the reference).

893,211 subjects were analyzed. 54.4% were classified as Fit, 34.0% as mild, 9.9% as moderate and 1.6% as severely frail. Compared with the fit, frail had an increased risk of falls (adjusted HR of 1.55 (1.52-1.58), 2.74 (2.66-2.84) and 5.94 (5.52-6.40)), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR of 1.36 (1.35-1.37), 2.19 (2.16-2.23) and 4.29 (4.13-4.45)) and fractures (adjusted HR of 1.21(1.20-1.23), 1.51(1.47-1.55) and 2.36 (2.20-2.53)) for mild, moderate and severe frailty respectively. Severely frail had a high risk of vertebral (HR of 2.49 (1.99-3.11)) and hip fracture (HR of 1.85 (1.50-2.28)). Accounting for competing risk of death unchanged results.

Frail subjects are at increased risk of death, fractures and falls. The eFRAGICAP tool can easily assess frailty in electronic primary-care databases in Spain.

Frail subjects are at increased risk of death, fractures and falls. The eFRAGICAP tool can easily assess frailty in electronic primary-care databases in Spain.Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars 'Hockett' and 'Craft'. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over 'Hockett' than 'Craft' barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in 'Hockett'. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from 'Craft' than in 'Hockett' at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from 'Hockett' at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.

Detailed information about the association of COVID-19 with outcomes in pregnant individuals compared with not-infected pregnant individuals is much needed.

To evaluate the risks associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with not-infected, concomitant pregnant individuals.

In this cohort study that took place from March to October 2020, involving 43 institutions in 18 countries, 2 unmatched, consecutive, not-infected women were concomitantly enrolled immediately after each infected woman was identified, at any stage of pregnancy or delivery, and at the same level of care to minimize bias. Women and neonates were followed up until hospital discharge.

COVID-19 in pregnancy determined by laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 and/or radiological pulmonary findings or 2 or more predefined COVID-19 symptoms.

The primary outcome measures were indices of (maternal and severe neonatal/perinatal) morbidity and mortality; the individual components of these indices were secoes.

In this multinational cohort study, COVID-19 in pregnancy was associated with consistent and substantial increases in severe maternal morbidity and mortality and neonatal complications when pregnant women with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were compared. SR1antagonist The findings should alert pregnant individuals and clinicians to implement strictly all the recommended COVID-19 preventive measures.Obesity is routinely considered as a single disease state, which drives a "one-size-fits-all" approach to treatment. We recently convened the first annual University of North Carolina Interdisciplinary Nutrition Sciences Symposium to discuss the heterogeneity of obesity and the need for translational science to advance understanding of this heterogeneity. The symposium aimed to advance scientific rigor in translational studies from animal to human models with the goal of identifying underlying mechanisms and treatments. In this review, we discuss fundamental gaps in knowledge of the heterogeneity of obesity ranging from cellular to population perspectives. We also advocate approaches to overcoming limitations in the field. Examples include the use of contemporary mouse genetic reference population models such as the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mice that effectively model human genetic diversity and the use of translational models that integrate -omics and computational approaches from pre-clinical to clinical models of obesity. Finally, we suggest best scientific practices to ensure strong rigor that will allow investigators to delineate the sources of heterogeneity in the population with obesity. Collectively, we propose that it is critical to think of obesity as a heterogeneous disease with complex mechanisms and etiologies, requiring unique prevention and treatment strategies tailored to the individual.