Bensonmendoza0760
Evaluation of the in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) in the infection caused by two Salmonella strains and its chemical fingerprint by UFLC-quadrupole time of flight-MS.
The efficacy of MFM was investigated in a classical in-vivo Salmonella infection mouse model. A Salmonella reference strain (ATCC 13311) and a clinical isolate were used to infect mice and then MFM was orally administered during 14 days. At the end of the treatment with MFM, the infection and inflammatory levels were assayed.
MFM treatment showed a significant reduction in mice mortality by Salmonella infection and, also, did not cause alterations in the liver function. Inhibitions of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and metalloproteinase] were possibly involved in the observed effects. Chlorogenic acid, clarinoside, quercetin-pentosylhexoside, rutin, kaempferol-3O-rutinoside, kaempferol-rhamnosylhexoside and 2-azaanthraquinone were identified in MFM.
MFM was effective in some inflammatory parameters, in the experimental conditions that were used in the study. The results presented in this study and the previous in-vitro anti-Salmonella activity reported by our research group reinforce the importance of MFM studies to considerer it as an alternative treatment for salmonellosis.
MFM was effective in some inflammatory parameters, in the experimental conditions that were used in the study. The results presented in this study and the previous in-vitro anti-Salmonella activity reported by our research group reinforce the importance of MFM studies to considerer it as an alternative treatment for salmonellosis.
Calocybe indica is a famous nutritious food in Asian countries and one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms in the world. Here, we have isolated crude polysaccharides from this mushroom, characterized it and investigated its antioxidant and immunostimulatory potential.
The polysaccharide was chemically characterized by spectrophotometry, FTIR and high-performance thin layer chromatography and tested its antioxidant potential by in vitro assays. Immunomodulatory activity and its underlying signalling process were ascertained in RAW 264.7 cells.
The polysaccharide consisted of D-glucose (β-linked sugars), D-mannose and D-galactose, where backbone was organized in random coil structure. Preliminary investigation of the bioactivity of the polysaccharide revealed its antioxidant potential. The polysaccharide could noticeably induce phagocytic activity and production of immune mediators in macrophage cells. The polysaccharide was found to enhance the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activate NF-κB signalling pathway by overexpressing MyD88, Iκ-Bα and NF-κB. Further studies indicated the polysaccharide binds to the toll-like receptor 4 to manifest its immunostimulatory activity in macrophage cells.
Our findings indicate potential therapeutic properties of the crude polysaccharide of C. indica which might provide the means to treat various radical induced and immunodeficiency disorders in the days to come.
Our findings indicate potential therapeutic properties of the crude polysaccharide of C. indica which might provide the means to treat various radical induced and immunodeficiency disorders in the days to come.
To evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plumbagin (PLB) against drug-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and whether its antitumour effect is not affected by tumour drug resistance.
TSCC sensitive CAL27 cells and drug-resistant CAL27/RE cells were used to study the cytotoxicity and mechanism of PLB in vitro, including CCK-8 analysis, colony formation, DAPI staining, flow cytometry assay, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting assay, autophagy, apoptosis and ROS fluorescent probes. BALB/c nude mice xenograft models were used to study the growth inhibitory effect of PLB in vivo.
The results showed that the cell viability and proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction abilities of PLB on drug-resistant cells were more obvious than that on sensitive cells. And PLB induced protective autophagy in TSCC cells. Mechanistically, PLB induced apoptosis and autophagy by generating reactive oxygen species to mediate JNK and AKT/mTOR pathways. Finally, the growth inhibitory effect of PLB against drug-resistant TSCC was also confirmed in vivo.
PLB will be a promising anticancer agent to overcome drug-resistant TSCC without being affected by its drug resistance properties.
PLB will be a promising anticancer agent to overcome drug-resistant TSCC without being affected by its drug resistance properties.P2RX2 encodes the P2X2 receptor, which is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gated (purinoreceptor) ion channel. P2RX2 c. 178G > T (p.V60L) mutation was previously identified in two unrelated Chinese families, as the cause of human DFNA41, a form of dominant, early-onset and progressive sensorineural hearing loss. We generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model based on human p.V60L mutation that recapitulates the human phenotype. Heterozygous KI mice started to exhibit hearing loss at 21-day-old and progressed to deafness by 6-month-old. Vestibular dysfunction was also observed in mutant mice. Abnormal morphology of the inner hair cells and ribbon synapses was progressively observed in KI animals suggesting that P2rx2 plays a role in the membrane spatial location of the ribbon synapses. These results suggest that P2rx2 is essential for acoustic information transfer, which can be the molecular mechanism related to hearing loss.In the current study, we investigated the protective role of citalopram against cognitive decline, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, defective mitochondrial biogenesis, defective autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic dysfunction in APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (ad). We treated 12-month-old wild-type (WT) and age-matched transgenic APP mice with citalopram for 2 months. Using Morris Water Maze and rotarod tests, quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, biochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy methods, we assessed cognitive behavior, RNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, synaptic, ad-related and neurogenesis genes in wild-type and APP mice treated and untreated with citalopram. Citalopram-treated APP mice relative to citalopram-untreated APP mice exhibited improved cognitive behavior. Temsirolimus ic50 Increased levels of mRNA associated with mitochondrial fission and ad-related genes; decreased levels of fusion, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, synaptic and neurogenesis genes were found in APP mice relative to WT mice.
