Bennetsenwebster5232
In the brain, S-ketamine induced transcriptional changes in the acute phase, not the sustained phase. There were significant treatment effects of S-ketamine on Vegfr-2 in both PFC and HIP and on Vegf and Vegfr-1 in HIP. Moreover, we found that S-ketamine specifically restored reduced levels of Nrp2 and Mtor in the PFC of the FSL rats. In conclusion, this study substantiates the use of the FRL/FSL rats to explore the depressive-like behavior at the transcriptional level of the VEGF pathway genes and study their regulation in response to various treatment paradigms.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are strongly associated with high tumourigenicity, chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance, and metastasis and recurrence, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, targeting CSCs may be a promising approach. Recently, discovery and research on phytochemicals that effectively target colorectal CSCs have been gaining popularity because of their broad safety profile and multi-target and multi-pathway modes of action.
This review aimed to elucidate and summarise the effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals with potential anti-CSC agents that could contribute to the better management of CRC.
We reviewed PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, ScienceDirect and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from the original publication date to March 2022 to review the mechanisms by which phytochemicals inhibit CRC progression by targeting CSCs and their key signalling pathways. Phytochemicals were classified and summarised based on the mechanisms of action.
We observed ytochemicals could serve as novel therapeutic agents for CRC and aid in drug development.
This review demonstrates the potential of targeted therapies for colorectal CSCs using phytochemicals. Phytochemicals could serve as novel therapeutic agents for CRC and aid in drug development.
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS), a medicinal fungus, has been made into OS preparations, which are frequently used as adjunctive therapy for patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in China. It is necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of OS preparations in the adjunctive treatment of DKD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ophiocordyceps sinensis preparations were evaluated for their efficacy and safety as adjunctive therapy to conventional drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)) for DKD.
We searched seven electronic literature databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ACEI/ARB and OS combined with ACEI/ARB from inception up to March 2022. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias independently. Evidence certainty was rated using the GRADE system. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) was pooled with random effects models and was reported with corresponding 95% confid ACEI/ARB has beneficial influence on renal function, decrease proteinuria, dyslipidemia, and even oxidative stress and inflammation in DKD patients. However, there is no trial that evaluated outcomes of kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events. Future study should move beyond surrogate endpoints to actual cardiovascular or renal outcome benefits with an aim to explore effects of OS preparation in the long-term.
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder, which has seriously affected the quality of people's daily life. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy takes syndrome differentiation and treatment as the theoretical guidance with certain advantages in treating constipation with the holistic approach. However, there are few studies on the treatment of constipation with Shouhui Tongbian Capsules (SHTB).
This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of SHTB in the treatment of constipation and provide evidence-based references for clinical application.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature on SHTB for treating constipation.
Chinese databases (China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database) and English databases (PubMed, EmBase and the Cochrane Library) were thoroughly investigated through screening randomized controlled trials on SHTB for constipation from the establishment of all databases to September 26ution, mosaic or castor oil could improve the total effective rate, clinical symptom indicators, gastrointestinal peptide hormone indicators and reduce adverse reaction rate of patients. However, due to the limitations of the included clinical trials, high-quality clinical trials with long follow ups are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SHTB in treating different types of constipation.The objective of this article is to review the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and discuss its potential role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide is a novel once-weekly dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist which has been studied in the SURPASS clinical trials in doses of 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg. Tirzepatide phase III clinical trials, SURPASS-1 through SURPASS-5, demonstrate that this medication is safe and effective in treating type 2 diabetes both with and without a variety of background medications versus placebo, semaglutide, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine in different patient populations. see more Most adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature, with a relatively low withdrawal rate in the active treatment arms. It seems likely that tirzepatide will be recommended as a preferred option in the American Diabetes Association treatment algorithm for high glucose lowering effects in patients with a compelling need for low hypoglycemia risk and weight loss. However, the positioning of tirzepatide in the treatment algorithm will ultimately be dependent on the results of the cardiovascular outcomes trial (CVOT) or other outcome-based trials. Tirzepatide is effective for treating type 2 diabetes by lowering glycated hemoglobin and contributing to significant weight loss.Intracellular infections rely on host cell survival for replication and have evolved several mechanisms to prevent infected cells from dying. Drugs that promote apoptosis, a noninflammatory form of cell death, can dysregulate these survival mechanisms to kill infected cells via a mechanism that resists the evolution of drug resistance. Two such drug classes, known as SMAC mimetics and BH3 mimetics, have shown preclinical efficacy at mediating clearance of liver-stage malaria and chronic infections such as hepatitis-B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerging toxicity and efficacy data have reinforced the broad applicability of these drugs and form the foundations for preclinical and clinical studies into their various usage cases.Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a respiratory infection with a significant impact on health and society. The pathogenesis is primarily attributed to a dysregulation of cytokines, especially those with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a recently identified anti-inflammatory cytokine with a proposed involvement in mediating COVID-19 pathogenesis, while the association between IL38 gene variants and disease susceptibility has not been explored. Therefore, a pilot study was designed to evaluate the association of three gene variants in the promoter region of IL38 gene (rs7599662 T/A/C/G, rs28992497 T/C and rs28992498 C/A/T) with COVID-19 risk. DNA sequencing was performed to identify these variants. The study included 148 Iraqi patients with COVID-19 and 113 healthy controls (HC). Only rs7599662 showed a significant negative association with susceptibility to COVID-19. The mutant T allele was presented at a significantly lower frequency in patients compared to HC. Analysis of recessive, dominant and codominant models demonstrated that rs7599662 TT genotype frequency was significantly lower in patients than in HC. In terms of haplotypes (in order rs7599662, rs28992497 and rs28992498), frequency of CTC haplotype was significantly increased in patients compared to HC, while TTC haplotype showed significantly lower frequency in patients. The three SNPs influenced serum IL-38 levels and homozygous genotypes of mutant alleles were associated with elevated levels. In conclusion, this study indicated that IL38 gene in terms of promoter variants and haplotypes may have important implications for COVID-19 risk.
Although the primary aetiology of Eating Disorders (ED) remains unknown, research suggests a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and cultural/environmental factors. This paper aims to systematically review the literature on neuroimaging studies that measure socio-cognitive factors, in the context of body dissatisfaction and EDs in young people. Specifically, our aim was to identify patterns in the findings linked to social media-type behaviours.
The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. 799 papers were identified in the database search and 38 studies were selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Selected studies were assessed using the National Institute of Health study quality assessment tool.
Findings point to state-related impairments in inhibitory control and salient emotional processing. Anorexia Nervosa(AN) showed impaired set-shifting abilities, working memory and decision making, while altered activatitributed network of structural and functional brain changes which influence the way young people with ED interact with and respond to social media, and ultimately places at them at increased risk for body image disturbances. This Review was registered with the PROSPERO International Register of Systematic Reviews, Registration number CRD42021270696.Intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) applications of ketamine have been proven effective for the treatment of depression, but direct comparative trials or meta-analyses on whether both differ in their antidepressant efficacy are lacking. We aimed to meta-analytically compare the short-term efficacy of a single dose of IV and IN ketamine in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and included double-blind, randomized controlled trials published until February 2022 in our analyses. The main outcome was a response 24 h after the administration of a single dose of ketamine. A random-effects model was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Differences in efficacy between intranasal and intravenous application were statistically assessed by calculating a z-test. A total of eleven studies, comprising 1340 patients, were included. Results showed, that while both IN and IV ketamine were associated with increased response rates, efficacy did not differ significantly between these routes. Heterogeneity and funnel plot asymmetry was found in the intranasal sample only. The results of the present meta-analysis corroborate the efficacy of both IN and IV application of ketamine for the treatment of MDD but suggest no difference between both routes of administration. Accordingly, future large-scale trials as well as direct comparative trials are needed to further investigate this question.
