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05). Among the three PMs, the PM based on BPNN had the highest AUC, sensitivity and specificity (SAS). In case that the outcome was death, the PM of BPNN and the PM of BPNN based on genetic algorithm optimization had almost the same AUC, and were obviously higher than the PM based on proportional hazard regression analysis. The difference was statistically significant (P  less then  0.05). The PM based on BPNN and the BPNN based on genetic algorithm optimization had higher SAS than the PM based on COX regression analysis. this website Conclusion The PM of BPNN and BPNN based on genetic algorithm optimization have better prediction effect than the PM based on proportional hazard regression analysis. It can be used for amputation and survival analysis of diabetic foot patients. © 2019 The Author(s)."Residual ridge resorption" (RRR) is a multifactorial condition involving bone resorption of the residual ridge. We investigated 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes with the aim of identifying the genetic factors associated with RRR susceptibility. The study group included 96 RRR patients and 96 controls. Age at first edentulism, duration of edentulism, and bone height were recorded. Saliva was collected from the subjects for DNA extraction. Genotype analysis was performed on the 'SequenomMassARRAYiPLEX'. The genotype and allele frequencies calculated in patients and controls were compared. We found that rs1800896 in the IL10 gene and rs5743289 in NOD2 gene showed significant association with RRR. Within the RRR group, genotypes for each SNP were separated, and we observed that the age at first edentulism and bone height showed variations in the different genotypes of the ten studied SNPs. This study showed an association between SNPs in IL10 and NOD2 genes. It also revealed that the genotypes of the different SNPs influence bone resorption and health. Additionally, age at first edentulism and bone height were much lower in some genotypes. This study demonstrates the need for larger multicenter trials to confirm these findings. Finally, we suggest that the results of this study may be utilized for developing novel genetic diagnostic tests and for identifying Saudi individuals who may be more susceptible to RRR development following dental extraction. © 2020 The Author(s).Clarias gariepinus, weighing 119.18 ± 5.21 g, were exposed to 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of the LC50 lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, which represents the following treatments 0 (control), 16, 32, and 48 mg/l, respectively, for a period of 10 and 20 days. The results showed that the bioaccumulation of Pb(NO3)2 in gills were significantly increased (p  less then  0.05) after 10 days having 0.17 ± 0.07, 5.05 ± 1.04, 6.01 ± 0.82, and 9.61 ± 1.76 mg/100 g wet weight, respectively, for the treatments. However, after 20 days these values increased ((0.17 ± 0.07, 4.34 ± 1.27, 10.83 ± 0.97, and 19.18 ± 2.40 mg/100 g) for 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of LC50 Pb(NO3)2 respectively. There was an increase with each increasing concentration level of Pb(NO3)2 as compared with that of the control group. The accumulation of Pb(NO3)2 in the liver, showed a significant increase (p  less then  0.05) with the increasing period of exposed and Pb concentration with LC50 values ranging between 3.32 ± 0.91 and 4.42 ± 0.78 after 10 days as compared with that of the control group 0.08 ± 0.02 mg/100 g wet weight. Although white muscles and skin displayed lower values of bioaccumulation than gills and liver after 10 days, after 20 days the results were slightly more increased in the white muscles than in the skin. However, the observed pattern of increase was the same compared to that of the control group. Therefore, hematological parameters, such as red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) showed significant (p  less then  0.05) concentration-dependent decreases in fish exposed to Pb(NO3)2 during both periods. However, the values of white blood cells (WBCs) showed a significant reduction when levels of Pb concentration increased. Hepatic enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) displayed a significant increase with increasing concentrations and exposure time. © 2020 The Authors.Pedalium murex L. is a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidney in the traditional system of medicine. The current study aims to study the effect of ethyl acetate extract of P. murex (EAEP) and its fractionated compound pedalitin against urease production and UreC gene expression in Proteus mirabilis. The selected reference strain Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 425) and the isolates culture of Proteus mirabilis were subjected to study the antibacterial efficacy of P. murex. Expression analysis of P. mirabilis urease gene was successfully done by QPCR. The ethyl acetate extract effectively inhibit the reference Proteus mirabilis and bacterial isolates of Proteus mirabilis in the clinical samples studied. EAEP has showed more potent activity (56.7%) against urease enzyme and pedalitin also exhibited potent activity (30.1%). Using qPCR, the expression of UreC gene of P. mirabilis was controlled by EAEP and also its bioactive compound pedalitin. The present study clearly demonstrated the potency of P. murex in controlling the growth of pathogenic P. mirabilis and to control the expression of urease enzyme production as well as to restrict the urease gene expression in P. mirabilis. © 2020 The Authors.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and there has been a significant increase in the incidence of CRC in recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify blood biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis. It is not yet clear whether the level of vitamin D and its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), in the blood are helpful factors in the diagnosis of CRC. Therefore, the study focuses on determining the VDR serum level's contribution and other chemical parameters to the risk of CRC. A total of 189 Saudi participants (66 CRC patients and 123 control patients) aged 20-80 years old were enrolled in this case-control study. A serum sample was collected from each participant, and the levels of VDR and other bone profile tests were determined using ELISA or chemiluminescent assays. P values  0.05). More investigation is needed to elucidate different physiological processes that can be affected by these blood biomarkers, therefore changing the carcinogenesis of CRC.