Baybland8067

were hypokyphotic and skeletally immature are nine times and six times more likely to have lumbar adding-on, respectively. This article examines adding-on in patients who had either anterior or posterior approach scoliosis surgeries, with follow-up stretching up to 10 years. MSA-2 order This offers the rare opportunity to examine the natural history of the adding-on phenomenon.Level of Evidence 3.

A morphometric measurement study.

To measure the length and angle parameters of the screw paths of pedicle screws (PS), lateral mass screws (LMS), and paravertebral foramen screws (PVFS) of subaxial cervical spine in Chinese population.

Aramomi proposed a novel internal fixation technology, named PVFS, as an alternative to LMS and PS for subaxial cervical vertebrae (C3-C7).

This study measured the length and medial angles of screw paths on the three-dimensional reconstruction model of cervical computerized tomography data of 50 patients (25 men and 25 women) in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2018.

In general, the optimum length and medial angle of the PVFS in Chinese population were 10.65 mm and 21.12° at C3; 10.12 mm, 22.62° at C4; 9.82 mm, 23.66° at C5; 9.19 mm, 24.13° at C6; and 9.10 mm, 27.54° at C7. The optimum axial length and medial angle of PS in Chinese population were 30.94 mm, 33.92° at C3; 30.50 mm, 34.95° at C4; 31.92 mm, 33.42° at C5; 30.50 mm, 31.94° at C6; and 29.87 mm, 31.01° at C7. The optimum lengths of LMS paths in Chinese population were C3, 14.84 mm; C4, 15.33 mm; C5, 15.44 mm; C6, 14.74 mm; and C7, 14.06 mm.

Although the length of PVFS is limited, it still can be used as an effective substitute for LMS and PS. The PVFS does not have the risk of directly injuring the vertebral artery, its safety angle of insertion is larger than that in PS, and it has higher surgical safety.Level of Evidence 3.

Although the length of PVFS is limited, it still can be used as an effective substitute for LMS and PS. The PVFS does not have the risk of directly injuring the vertebral artery, its safety angle of insertion is larger than that in PS, and it has higher surgical safety.Level of Evidence 3.

Within-subject design of an experimental study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of smartphone use on the activity level of the lumbar erector spinae muscles and spine kinematics during walking.

Using a smartphone while walking makes the user hold the phone steady and look downward to interact with the phone. Walking with this non-natural posture of the head and the arms may alter the spine kinematics and increase the muscular load on the low back extensor muscles.

Twenty healthy young individuals participated in the laboratory experiment. Each participant walked on a treadmill in five different conditions normal walking without using a phone, conducting one-handed browsing while walking, two-handed texting while walking, walking with one arm bound, and walking with both arms bound. Spine kinematics variables and the myoelectric activity levels of the lumbar erector spinae muscles were quantified and compared between the five walking conditions.

Participants walked with significantback musculoskeletal problems.Level of Evidence N/A.

To investigate the progression of myopic maculopathy (MM) and associated factors in highly myopic Chinese children.

In this retrospective observational case series, biometric fundus features were morphometrically measured on photographs. Myopic maculopathy was defined as recommended by the Meta-analysis of Pathologic Myopia Study Group.

The study included 274 children (mean age11.7±2.5 years; mean refractive error-7.66±1.87 diopters) with a mean follow-up of 4.9±1.2 years. MM progression was detected in 52 eyes (18.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]14.3%,23.7%). In multivariable analysis, MM progression was associated with a decrease in refractive error (odds ratio [OR]0.72;95%CI0.56,0.92;P<0.001) (i.e. higher myopization) and enlargement of parapapillary gamma zone (OR7.68;95%CI1.63,36.2;P=0.002). Incident peripapillary diffuse choroidal atrophy noted in 47 of 236 eyes (20.0%; 95%CI, 14.8%-25.2%), was correlated with a decrease in refractive error (OR0.70;95%CI0.54,0.92;P=0.009) (i.e., higher myopization) and greater gamma zone enlargement (OR8.28;95%CI1.33,51.7;P=0.02).

Myopia in schoolchildren may have a considerable risk of progressing to MM. Enlargement of parapapillary gamma zone was a main independent risk factor.

Myopia in schoolchildren may have a considerable risk of progressing to MM. Enlargement of parapapillary gamma zone was a main independent risk factor. Platelet function in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) could be affected by either hyperleucocytosis, clonal megakaryopoiesis, or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, these variables have never been prospectively evaluated. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 1.5 years in a tertiary care center of north India. Patients with CML in chronic phase, more than 18 years, and treated with imatinib were enrolled (n = 32). Age, and sex-matched controls were also included. Platelet function test was performed using two-channel Chrono-Log aggregometer 490 at four time-points first, at diagnosis; second, after leucoreduction (total leucocyte count, less then 10 × 10/l) achieved with hydroxycarbamide; third, on-imatinib at BCR-ABL less than 1%; and fourth, in an independent cohort (off-imatinib) at deep molecular response (DMR) (BCR-ABL  less then  0.01%). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics (version 22.0). Median age of patients was 42 years (15-65), and M  F ratio was 1  1. At diagnosis, platelet function correlated negatively with total leucocyte count, but not with platelet count. As compared with baseline, platelet aggregation with ADP (2.5 μl), and collagen (2.5 μl) improved significantly after leucoreduction (P = 0.05 and 0.009, respectively). Imatinib further caused significant impairment of aggregation with ADP (2.5 μl), collagen (2.5 μl), and collagen (1 μl) (P = 0.04, 0.008, and 0.02, respectively). Patients in DMR also demonstrated a significant impairment of platelet aggregation with all the agonists as compared with controls. While leucoreduction alone can improve the baseline platelet function derangement in CML, imatinib further impairs it. Residual CML stem cells, or effect of imatinib on normal common myeloid progenitors might account for platelet function derangement at DMR.