Bartlettmcleod0364

Multi-drug therapy by targeting different pathways will need to be corroborated and then confirmed through clinical trials. Until a vaccine is available, an alternative drug regimen needs to be adopted by clinicians in the management of coronavirus symptoms.

The development of novel molecules and vaccines has been a challenge during this urgent crisis. Nucleoside analogs and IL-6 receptor antagonists have been identified as the best candidates for treatment of this disease. Multi-drug therapy by targeting different pathways will need to be corroborated and then confirmed through clinical trials. Until a vaccine is available, an alternative drug regimen needs to be adopted by clinicians in the management of coronavirus symptoms.

The aim of the present study was to assess the bioequivalence of a generic empagliflozin tablet versus a brand-named empagliflozin tablet (Jardiance

) and evaluate the food effects on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of empagliflozin in healthy Chinese subjects.

Forty-eight healthy volunteers were included in this randomized, open-label, crossover, two-period study (fasting

 = 24, fed

 = 24). A single dose of 25-mg generic (or test) or brand-named (or reference) empagliflozin was administered to each subject in a randomized sequence. Blood samples were collected at the baseline and during the 72 h post-dose, and plasma empagliflozin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with non-compartmental methods. Safety was monitored.

The major PK parameters including



, AUC



, and AUC

were similar between the generic and brand-named tablets under fasting and fed conditions (all

 > .05). The 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference ratios of log-transformed



, AUC



, and AUC

were 94.90-106.70%, 100.62-106.99%, and 100.64-106.85%, respectively, under fasting condition, and 94.21-104.91%, 97.31-101.79%, and 97.32-101.83%, respectively, under fed condition. High-fat food did not affect



, AUC



, AUC

, or



of empagliflozin (all

 > .05). There was no serious adverse event during the study period.

The generic formulation of empagliflozin tablet is bioequivalent to the brand-named product in healthy Chinese volunteers, and well tolerated. High-fat food had no effects on the PK of empagliflozin in healthy Chinese volunteers.

The generic formulation of empagliflozin tablet is bioequivalent to the brand-named product in healthy Chinese volunteers, and well tolerated. High-fat food had no effects on the PK of empagliflozin in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Depression is a common comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Depression in MS often requires treatment due to its negative impact on quality of life, functioning, and MS outcomes. However, there have been very few randomized controlled trials of treatment of depression in MS. Most reviews of this topic have consequently presented a predominantly negative assessment of antidepressant treatment, concluding, for example, that there is insufficient evidence to guide treatment or that evidence only exists for a few uncommon antidepressant medications or forms of treatment.

This review will provide a summary of currently available literature on depression in MS, with an emphasis on the clinical utility of available information. This includes information from published therapeutic trials, but also how general aspects and principles of depression treatment can guide neurotherapeutics in this area.

Management of depression in MS should be guided primarily by available evidence on depression treatment and not exclusively by the small and inadequate literature of randomized controlled trials. Differential diagnosis is important since depression manifests across a broad spectrum of morbidity in MS, a reality that has real-world implications for treatment. Basic guiding principles can support management of depression in people with MS.

Management of depression in MS should be guided primarily by available evidence on depression treatment and not exclusively by the small and inadequate literature of randomized controlled trials. Differential diagnosis is important since depression manifests across a broad spectrum of morbidity in MS, a reality that has real-world implications for treatment. Basic guiding principles can support management of depression in people with MS.

We systematically reviewed adverse events (AEs) for ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS).

We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Toxicology Data Network-TOXLINE (inception to 8-July-2020), clinical trial registries, and product monographs for any clinical trials, observational studies or case reports examining AEs to ocrelizumab. Studies with/without a comparator drug or placebo were eligible.

Seventy-eight records were included (4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 4 open-label trials, 29 observational studies, and 27 case reports). AEs affected 2756/4498 (61.3%) of ocrelizumab-exposed patients. The most common AEs were infections (n=1342, 39.2% of ocrelizumab-exposed patients) and infusion-related reactions (n=1391, 26.2%). Compared to beta-interferon, infections were more likely in ocrelizumab-exposed patients (Risk Ratio (RR)=1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI)1.01-1.19), including herpes-related (RR=1.75; 95%CI1.11-2.76), respiratory tract-related (RR=1.42; 95%CI1.10-1.84 and RR=1.61;; 95%CI1.10-1.84 and RR=1.61; 95%CI1.10-2.35), nasopharyngitis (RR=1.47; 95%CI1.13-1.90), and rhinitis (RR=4.00; 95%CI1.13-14.14). Infusion-related reactions (RR range 1.57-4.42) were more common for ocrelizumab versus placebo or beta-interferon. From pooled analyses (three RCTs), the risk of 'any' serious AE did not differ significantly between the ocrelizumab and comparator groups. However, insufficient data were available to assess longer-term AEs, e.g., malignancy.Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis. Focused efforts in the development of novel treatments of this disease have led to the approval of new combinations. Improvements in knowledge of the biology of these tumors have been made, and it is now widely accepted that a proportion of patients have potentially targetable altered genes. One such gene is BRCA, which confers sensibility to PARP inhibitors. Olaparib, an oral PARP inhibitor, initially demonstrated activity in Phase II clinical trials including germline BRCA-mutated patients. This was confirmed in a Phase III clinical trial in pancreatic cancer patients with a germline BRCA mutation. After the results of this study, new scenarios have been evoked. selleck We review the development of olaparib in pancreatic cancer.