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94 days, and 16.84 days in patients with PVC and PVCR-BSI. The microorganism profile showed 55.2 % of gram-positive bacteria, with Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (31%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14%) being the predominant ones. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 39% of cases, and included Escherichia coli (7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), Enterobacter spp. (3%), and others (29.9%), such as Serratia marcescens. CONCLUSIONS PVCR-BSI rates found in our ICUs were much higher than rates published from USA, Australia, and Italy. Infection prevention programs must be implemented to reduce the incidence of PVCR-BSIs. BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide; in 2016, over 95% of TB deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Although the incidence and deaths from TB have decreased in Brazil in recent years, the disease has increased in the vulnerable population, whose diagnosis is more delayed and the chances for abandonment and deaths are significantly higher. This study aimed to identify high-risk areas for TB mortality and evidence their social determinants through a sensitive tailored social index, in a context of high inequality in South Brazil. METHODS A multistep statistical methodology was developed, based on spatial clustering, categorical principal components analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). This study considered 138 spatial units in Curitiba, South Brazil. TB deaths (2008-2015) were obtained from the National Information Mortality System and social variables from the Brazilian Human Development Atlas (2013). RESULTS There were 128 TB deaths recorded in the study the mortality rate was 0.9/100,000 inhabitants, minimum-maximum 0-25.51/100,000, with a mean (standard deviation) of 1.07 (2.71), and 78 space units had no deaths. One risk cluster of TB mortality was found in the south region (RR=2.64, p=0.01). Considering the social variables, several clusters were identified in the social risk indicator (SRI) income (899.82/1752.94; 0.024), GINI Index (0.41/0.45; 0.010), and overcrowding (25.07/15.39; 0.032). The SRI showed a high capacity to discriminate the TB mortality areas (area under ROC curve 0.865, 95% CI 0.796-0.934). CONCLUSIONS A powerful risk map (SRI) was developed, allowing tailored and personalised interventions. The south of Curitiba was identified as a high-risk area for TB mortality and the majority of social variables. This methodological approach can be generalised to other areas and/or other public health problems. According to the 2018 American Urological Association census, only 9.2% of practicing urologists are female and 16% are non-Caucasian. Bempedoic cell line Social media have been used in other medical disciplines to promote diversity and form networks for gender and racial minorities. We studied the hashtag #ILookLikeAUrologist, started to promote diversity and inclusion in urology, to determine if it had any signs of a community of practice. Over the 4 yr since its inception, there have been 3694 tweets using the hashtag #ILookLikeAUrologist. The discussion had 1348 unique contributors, hailing from 35 countries on six continents. There were 8,156,051 impressions, highlighting a wide potential reach for the discussion. In a random 25% sample of original tweets, the main themes were gender representation, followed by personal narratives and camaraderie. Most contributors were practicing urologists, followed by urology trainees, other physicians, and professional organizations. Although most posts were authored by women, men represented nearly a quarter of individual contributors. The #ILookLikeAUrologist hashtag has been widely used by a large global audience in urology. Future research is warranted to examine the impact of digital communities of practice on outcomes such as fostering collaboration, providing mentorship, and reducing burnout. PATIENT SUMMARY The #ILookLikeAUrologist hashtag has been widely used on Twitter by a large global audience to promote diversity and inclusion in urology. V.Catatonia is a complex psychomotor symptom frequently observed in schizophrenia. Neural activity within the motor system is altered in catatonia. Likewise, white matter (WM) is also expected to be abnormal. The aim of this study was to test, if schizophrenia patients with catatonia show specific WM alterations. Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls were included. Catatonia was currently present in 13 patients with schizophrenia. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to test for differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the whole brain between the three groups. We detected a group effect (F-test) of WM within the corpus callosum (CC). In the t-test, patients with catatonia showed higher FA in many left lateralized WM clusters involved in motor behaviour compared to patients without catatonia, including the CC, internal and external capsule, superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF) and corticospinal tract (CST). Similarly, patients with catatonia showed also higher FA in the left internal capsule and left CST compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the group comparison between patients without catatonia and healthy controls revealed lower FA in many right lateralized clusters, comprising the CC, internal capsule, SLF, and inferior longitudinal fascicle in patients without catatonia. Our results are in line with the notion of an altered motor system in catatonia. Thus, our study provides evidence for increased WM connectivity, especially in motor tracts in schizophrenia patients with catatonia. The gut-microbiome has been hypothesised as a novel potential target for intervention for schizophrenia. We tested this hypothesis with a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the efficacy and acceptability of add-on strategies known to affect the gut-microbiome for the treatment of schizophrenia. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched from inception to August 2019 all the randomised double-blind controlled trials of add-on antibiotics, antimicrobials, pre/probiotics, and faecal transplant in schizophrenia. Primary outcomes were severity of negative symptoms and acceptability of treatment. Data were independently extracted by multiple observers and a random-mixed model was used for the analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. We identified 28 eligible trials 21 investigated antibiotics, 4 antimicrobials (Artemisinin, Artemether, and Sodium Benzoate), 3 pre/probiotics, none faecal transplant. Results showed no effect of D-Cycloserine (10 studies; SMD, -0.16; 95% CI -0.40, 0.08; P = .20; I2 28.2%), Minocycline (7 studies; SMD -0.35; 95% CI -0.70, 0.00; P = .05, I277.7%), other antibiotics (2 studies), probiotics alone (1 study), and Artemisinin (1 study) on negative symptoms of schizophrenia when compared to placebo. Limited evidence suggests efficacy on negative symptoms for Sodium benzoate (2 studies; SMD, -0.63; 95%CI -1.03, -0.23; P  less then  .001; I20%), Artemether (1 study), and probiotics combined with Vitamin D (1 study) when compared to placebo. Acceptability of intervention was similar to placebo. Negative findings were mainly led by antibiotics trials, with paucity of evidence available on pre/probiotics. There is a need of expanding our knowledge on the clinical relevance of gut-microbiome-host interaction in psychosis before engaging in further trials. We previously reported that fearful attachment mediated associations of childhood maltreatment with subclinical psychotic phenomena. At an eight-year follow-up, we aimed to replicate and extend this finding by examining the mediating role of disorganized attachment. Participants were 169 young adults who completed baseline and eight-year follow-up questionnaires. Physical/emotional maltreatment was prospectively associated with paranoid beliefs and positive schizotypy. For paranoid beliefs, fearful and disorganized attachment were significant mediators in separate models, whereas only disorganized was significant when examining all attachment styles concurrently. For positive schizotypy, no mediation was found. Findings support psychological models of paranoia and may inform intervention efforts. AIM To compare the prevalence and trends of antipsychotic drug use during pregnancy between countries across four continents. METHODS Individually linked health data in Denmark (2000-2012), Finland (2005-2014), Iceland (2004-2017), Norway (2005-2015), Sweden (2006-2015), Germany (2006-2015), Australia (New South Wales, 2004-2012), Hong Kong (2001-2015), UK (2006-2016), and the US (Medicaid, 2000-2013, and IBM MarketScan, 2012-2015) were used. Using a uniformed approach, we estimated the prevalence of antipsychotic use as the proportion of pregnancies where a woman filled at least one antipsychotic prescription within three months before pregnancy until birth. For the Nordic countries, data were meta-analyzed to investigate maternal characteristics associated with the use of antipsychotics. RESULTS We included 8,394,343 pregnancies. Typical antipsychotic use was highest in the UK (4.4%) whereas atypical antipsychotic use was highest in the US Medicaid (1.5%). Atypical antipsychotic use increased over time in most populations, reaching 2% in Australia (2012) and US Medicaid (2013). In most countries, prochlorperazine was the most commonly used typical antipsychotic and quetiapine the most commonly used atypical antipsychotic. Use of antipsychotics decreased across the trimesters of pregnancy in all populations except Finland. Antipsychotic use was elevated among smokers and those with parity ≥4 in the Nordic countries. CONCLUSION Antipsychotic use during pregnancy varied considerably between populations, partly explained by varying use of the typical antipsychotic prochlorperazine, which is often used for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Increasing usage of atypical antipsychotics among pregnant women reflects the pattern that was previously reported for the general population. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for vertebral metastases has been shown to be safe and effective to achieve tumor and pain control. To raise awareness of and build familiarity with vertebral stereotactic ablative body radiation therapy (SBRT) for a multicenter clinical trial including SBRT to vertebral metastases, Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Cancer Research performed an international planning challenge. A single vertebral case was selected and the computed tomography image and contours were made available. Participants performed a treatment plan according to the NIVORAD clinical trial protocol and uploaded the treatment plan and dose grid Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files. A progressive scoring matrix was applied which gave each plan a score based on target and organ at risk dosimetry. The plans were compared based on achieved score and treatment technique details. A total of 149 plans were submitted from 26 countries; the treatment geometry for four plans was deemed to result in collision with the couch and these were removed from analysis. Only one plan exceeded spinal cord constraints; all other plans met protocol constraints. The largest variation in plan quality was observed with the target coverage; the highest scoring plans were able to achieve higher target coverage whilst respecting adjacent organ at risk (OAR) constraints. Consequently, plan score was correlated with the dose gradient at the target-cord interface. We have conducted a large multicenter, international vertebral SBRT planning challenge. The results showed consistent ability to meet protocol constraints, however a large variation in the ability to cover the target volume was observed.