Armstrongho7382

Nitrogen addition initially increased stem radial growth of aspen, but it was not sustained at the time we characterized their mycorrhizas. After 13 years, the abundance of fungi possessing extramatrical hyphae, or "high-biomass" ectomycorrhizas, doubled. No changes occurred in ectomycorrhizal and AM fungal community composition, or in ecto- and AM abundance measured as root colonization. This dual-mycorrhizal tree species did not shift away from ectomycorrhizal fungal dominance with long-term nitrogen input. The unexpected increase in high-biomass ectomycorrhizal fungi with nitrogen addition may be due to increased carbon allocation to their fungal partners by growth-limited trees. Given the focus on conifers in past studies, reconciling results of plant-mycorrhizal fungal relationships in stands of deciduous trees may demand a broader view on the impacts of nitrogen addition on the structure and function of boreal forests.Leptomeningeal metastases from cervical cancer are extremely rare, with only 24 cases reported in the English-language literature. Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is usually a late event, but it can develop at any stage. A 44-year-old woman presented with vertigo, tinnitus, diminution of hearing, and a cervical tumor at the initial visit. She underwent whole brain radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Five months after the initial visit, her condition deteriorated rapidly and she died. A 49-year-old woman underwent surgery and pelvic radiotherapy for cervical cancer. She underwent resection of lung metastases 2 years later and received systemic chemotherapy for lymph node metastases 4 years later. Five years after the initial visit, the patient suddenly presented with diplopia, headache, and vomiting; her clinical course was fulminant and she died. this website Most patients with LM present with diverse clinical manifestations and deteriorate rapidly despite multiple treatment modalities. Gynecologic oncologists should be aware of this rare complication.

The prediction of radiotherapy outcome in head and neck paragangliomas is clinically important. We investigated perfusion and diffusion markers for evaluation of response to radiotherapy of head and neck paragangliomas.

We retrospectively reviewed 330 consecutive patients from January 2016 to September 2019 with suspected head and neck paragangliomas, and enrolled 11 patients (2 males, 9 females; age 55.2 ± 10.3 years) who had conventional MRI anddynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI before and after radiation therapy. Radiation therapy, consisting of external beam radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy, was conducted at the radiation oncology department in a single center. Meanapparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), normalized mean ADC, and parameters of DCE-MRI were compared between pre- and post-treatment status by paired t-test. ThePearson correlation coefficient was used for the relationship between tumor volume ratio (post-treatment status/pre-treatment status) and pre-treatment and post-treatment values.

Mean and normalized ADC values were statistically higher in post-treatment status than pre-treatment status (p = 0.005, p = 0.005, respectively), and Ktrans (volume transfer constant between extravascular, extracellular space [EES], and blood plasma per minute) and Kep (rate transfer constant between EES and blood plasma per minute) were significantly lower in post-treatment status than pre-treatment status (p = 0.007,p = 0.027, respectively).The correlation coefficient of the relationship between tumor volume ratio and pre-treatmentKtrans (r = 0.70; p = 0.016)and between tumor volume ratio and post-treatmentKtransandKep (r = 0.83; p = 0.002, r = 0.8; p = 0.003, respectively) was statistically significant.

Ktrans has predictive potential to predict the response to radiation therapy of head and neck paragangliomas.

Ktrans has predictive potential to predict the response to radiation therapy of head and neck paragangliomas.

To evaluate the actual perceptions of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) in BRCA mutation carriers (BRCAmc) in comparison with women from the general population.

Questionnaire-based study of 83 BRCAmc and a control group of 89 women without a genetic mutation. Perceptions were evaluated by specific questions and Likert scales (-5-+5).

Present and past users of HT were more frequent in the control group (p=0.01), with a longer time of use (p=0.03). The preferred route of administration of HT was 'oral' (54.6%). The most frequently reported adverse effect of HT was venous thrombosis (0.8), while a protective effect on bone health was reported. No noticeable beneficial effects of HT have been recognised for hot flushes (0.2) and vaginal dryness (0.1). The most frequently perceived beneficial and adverse effects of HT were not significantly different between BRCA mutation carriers and controls. The greatest oncological fear was breast cancer (1.0). The protective role of HT on colorectal cancer was not known (0.1). These oncological impacts were mostly overestimated in BRCAmc, however this was not significant. Few BRCAmc would think of taking HT after risk-reducing surgeries.

Knowledge of the effects of HT on BRCAmc is relatively poor and they are likely to overstate its negative effects and underestimate its health benefits; however, this is not significant in comparison to the general population. More and better information should be given to BRCAmc to allow them to make informed decisions about the use of HT, especially before undergoing risk-reducing surgeries.

Knowledge of the effects of HT on BRCAmc is relatively poor and they are likely to overstate its negative effects and underestimate its health benefits; however, this is not significant in comparison to the general population. More and better information should be given to BRCAmc to allow them to make informed decisions about the use of HT, especially before undergoing risk-reducing surgeries.Aspergillus tubingensis is a causative known pathogen of various important crops, worldwide. The existing study was aimed to examine the virulence potential of A. tubingensis on resistant (NIA-Sadori) and susceptible (CIM-573) cultivars of cotton. For this purpose, both cultivars were inoculated with pathogen and altered morphology of diseased leaves was observed with light and scanning electron microscope. Disease severity was measured and estimated to be 68.7 and 27.1% in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively. To understand and compare defense mechanism of resistant and susceptible cultivars, different biochemical and enzymatic changes were observed. After the infection of A. tubingensis, increase in the concentrations of sugar, total protein, proline, phenol, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was more prominent in resistant cultivar, than the susceptible one. Moreover, due to increased number of dead cells, significantly higher electrolyte leakage was detected in susceptible cultivar. Principal component analysis confirmed the effect of A.