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valuable for identifying possible barriers to participation and tailoring interventions to participant needs, helping to increase the likelihood of long-term compliance to health-promoting lifestyle changes.

This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04272073), registered on 17/02/2020, https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04272073.

28/12/20 version 3.0.

28/12/20 version 3.0.

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at particular risk for malnutrition with major impact for outcome and prognosis. Nutrition support teams (NST) have been proposed to improve nutrition care in ICU patients.

To assess the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary NST on anthropometry and clinical outcome of ICU patients.

Before NST implementation, we assessed 120 patients (before NST group; SAPS II score 44±16), afterwards 60 patients (after NST group), of whom 29 received NST guidance (after NST+group; SAPS II 65±19) and 31 not (after NST - group; SAPS II, 54±16). The primary outcome parameter was length of stay in the hospital (hospital-LOS). Severity of disease was assessed by the APACHE II score and the nutritional risk (NUTRIC) score.

NST intervention resulted in a more pronounced improvement of disease severity (APACHE II, from 27±8 to 18±6, p<0.001; NUTRIC, from 7±2 to 4±2, p<0.001) compared to no NST intervention (APACHE II from 24±7 to 21±7, p<0.05; NUTRIC from 6±2 to 5±2, p<0.01). The mean hospital-LOS was not reduced, neither in the NST intervention group nor in the control group without NST intervention. NST intervention failed to improve nutritional status or mortality compared to no NST intervention.

In our study the NST intervention had a positive effect on disease severity, but failed to improve mortality, hospital-LOS or nutritional status in ICU patients, likely because of a large patient heterogeneity.

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02200874).

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02200874).

Swallowing function decreases with age and impacts nutritional state and frailty. The aim of the study was to test the relationship between swallowing function, dysphagia, frailty, malnutrition and depression in community dwelling older participants.

Community dwelling older participants (n=180), were enrolled (74 men aged 75.9±7.8, 65-91 years, and 107 women aged 75.9±8.0, 65-95 years). Swallowing function was assessed by the Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST). Dysphagia was identified using Hebrew 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (H-EAT-10). Frailty was assessed by grip strength and the FRAIL Questionnaire. The Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF) was used to identify nutritional status. Depression was screened with the Geriatric Depression Scale - Short Form (GDS-SF).

18.3% of the participants had a score of 3 or above in H-EAT-10, indicating suspected dysphagia. 17.8% of the participants were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, RAIL score.

A simple multi-dimensional screen should be employed by trained allied health professionals, nurses and their assistants to improve early identification and early referral to relevant health providers in order to provide preventive intervention for dysphagia, nutrition, frailty and depression.

A simple multi-dimensional screen should be employed by trained allied health professionals, nurses and their assistants to improve early identification and early referral to relevant health providers in order to provide preventive intervention for dysphagia, nutrition, frailty and depression.

Even though there is a lot of focus on nutrition in hospitals, patients often continue to lose weight during their stay. A meal is a complex activity. Several factors have an influence on the intake of nutrition. The purpose of the study is to identify the experiences of patients about eating situations, wishes and needs in connection with meals during their stay in the hospital.

Twenty individual semi structured interviews were conducted at the North Denmark Regional Hospital and Aalborg University Hospital, Thisted. The inclusion criteria were age ≥18, cognitively and linguistically capable of participating and able to consume food ≥24h. The participants were selected based on sex, age, and surgical and medical departments to ensure a broad representation.

The patients experienced that the health professionals were friendly and caring and the food was really good. Despite general satisfaction, the patients reported many different experiences that are presented in the following themes "The care relatioship between patients and health professionals.

The study indicates that it is important to ensure individual settings for the patients during meals and the focus should be on the relationship between patients and health professionals.

Literature shows that the most studied concurrent risk factors for mortality in elderly individuals are smoking, inadequate diet, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity. The combination of such habits can increase from 3 to 11 times the chance of death. To measure the association between concurrence of behavioral risk factors (BRF) for non-communicable diseases (NCD's) and mortality up to three years among the elderly.

Cohort study started in 2014 named "COMO VAI?" with community-dwelling aged ≥60 years in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We investigated the deaths from all causes occurred until April 2017. The exposure was defined by the presence of physical inactivity, low-quality diet, alcohol consumption and smoking that composed a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (all). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between BRF concurrence and mortality.

In 2014, 1451 elderly people were interviewed, 145 deaths were identified (10%) by April 2017. Higher risk of death was observed for the combinations of physical inactivity+smoking and low-quality diet+physical inactivity. The simultaneous presence of three or more BRF was associated with a nearly six-fold higher risk of death.

Higher mortality during a 3-year period was observed among those with at least three BRF for NCD's.

Higher mortality during a 3-year period was observed among those with at least three BRF for NCD's.

Currently in China, out of the total dialysis population, approximately 20% represents continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and almost half of CAPD patients was affected by malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional predictors and malnutrition with 5.1 years of dialysis according to the subjective global assessment (SGA) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2013 to May 2018 and included 70 CAPD patients. The relationship between anthropometric and biochemical parameters with malnutrition was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.

The prevalence of malnutrition in CAPD patients was 52.9%. Our result revealed a 7.05-fold increased odds of malnutrition for patients with protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance normalized to body weight (nPNA)<1.0g/kg per day (d) versus patients with normal nPNA (confidence interval (CI) 1.33-37.34; p<0.05). Patients whose normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) was <1.2g/(kg/d) had a significant positive association with malnutrition versus patients with normal nPCR (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 7.99; p<0.05). Patients with dietary protein intake (DPI)<1.0g/(kg/d) had a higher likelihood of malnutrition than those with normal DPI (OR 12.73; p<0.05). CAPD patients with upper arm circumference (UAC)<23.2cm had a high risk of malnutrition versus patients with normal UAC (OR 12.99; p<0.05).

Our study suggested a close association between nPNA, DPI, nPCR, and UAC and malnutrition in CAPD patients. Doxorubicin solubility dmso Further studies can be warranted the use of these variables as predictors and a malnutrition consequence among Chinese CAPD patients.

Our study suggested a close association between nPNA, DPI, nPCR, and UAC and malnutrition in CAPD patients. Further studies can be warranted the use of these variables as predictors and a malnutrition consequence among Chinese CAPD patients.

There is increasing evidence from randomized-controlled trials demonstrating that nutritional support improves clinical outcomes in the population of malnourished medical inpatients. We investigated associations of trial characteristics including clinical setting, duration of intervention, individualization of nutritional support and amount of energy and protein, and effects on clinical outcomes in an updated meta-analysis.

We searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE, from inception to December 15, 2020. Randomized-controlled trials investigating the effect of oral and enteral nutritional support interventions, when compared to usual care, on clinical outcomes of malnourished non-critically ill medical inpatients were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. The primary endpoint was all cause-mortality within 12-months.

We included 29 randomized-controlled trials with a total of 7,166 patients. Heterogeneity across RCTs was high, with overall moderate study qusupport interventions were most effective.

There is increasing evidence from randomized trials showing that nutritional support significantly reduces mortality, unplanned hospital readmissions and length of stay in medical inpatients at nutritional risk, despite heterogeneity and varying methodological quality among trials. Trials with high-protein strategies and long-lasting nutritional support interventions were most effective.

Survivors of critical illness requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) are predisposed to malnutrition, muscle wasting, and weakness. There is a lack of data regarding nutrition adequacy among these patients, and although nitrogen balance has been studied as a marker of adequate protein intake in healthy individuals and acutely critically ill patients, it has not been well studied in critically ill patients with PMV. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients requiring PMV admitted to a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) achieved registered dietitian (RD) recommended goals for energy and protein intake and if the recommendations were adequate to avoid negative nitrogen balance.

Using a retrospective, cohort study design, patients requiring PMV who had orders for 24-h urine collections for urea nitrogen (24hrUUN) were included. Energy and protein intake was calculated from chart documentation of dietary intake for the 24-h period during which patients underwent a 24hrUUN. Nitrogen inance. Future studies should evaluate whether these patients are able to maintain a steady state of nitrogen intake and excretion over time and how this affects time to and/or success of weaning.

Survivors of critical illness requiring PMV achieved a high percentage of RD-recommended protein and calories, and prevented a negative nitrogen balance in a majority of patients. Increasing protein intake can prevent a negative nitrogen balance. Future studies should evaluate whether these patients are able to maintain a steady state of nitrogen intake and excretion over time and how this affects time to and/or success of weaning.