Akhtarcochran3078

Erythema and pain were high in derma roller group in compare to intradermal.

Derma roller technique is more convenient and easy to perform, especially when the availability of a trained person to carry out intradermal injection is not feasible, it gives satisfactory results. It is also beneficial in needle phobic and apprehensive patients. Though the results are more efficacious with intradermal scalp injection technique, this study established satisfactory results with derma roller technique as well.

Derma roller technique is more convenient and easy to perform, especially when the availability of a trained person to carry out intradermal injection is not feasible, it gives satisfactory results. It is also beneficial in needle phobic and apprehensive patients. Though the results are more efficacious with intradermal scalp injection technique, this study established satisfactory results with derma roller technique as well.

Tranexamic acid (TA) can prevent melanocyte activation by various stimuli. Combining TA with either hydroquinone 4% or Q-switched NdYAG laser may be associated with greater improvement of melasma.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral TA alone and combined with either topical hydroquinone 4% or low-fluence 1064nm Q-switched NdYAG laser in treatment of mixed melasma.

Patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 patients each. Group A were treated with oral TA 250mg twice daily for three months; group B were treated with TA similarly combined with topical hydroquinone 4% cream; group C were treated with TA combined with two sessions of 1064nm low-fluence Q-switched NDYAG laser (850-1200mJ/cm

, 4-5Hz,spot size 4mm) spaced 4weeks apart. Patients were followed monthly for 9months.

After cessation of therapy, the mean mMASI score was lowest in group B (2.34±2.37) followed by groups A (6.38±4.04) and C (7.24±4.95).Mean percentage of mMASI score improvement was 35.91±24.13, 77.47±19.07, and 24.94±27.79 in groups A, B, and C (p<0.001). There was a significant reduction of telangiectasia in the three groups. Reported side effects were itching & irritation, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and gastritis.

Oral TA is a tolerable effective treatment modality for melasma. Combining hydroquinone 4% with oral TA is associated with a relatively earlier and better cosmetic outcome.

Oral TA is a tolerable effective treatment modality for melasma. Combining hydroquinone 4% with oral TA is associated with a relatively earlier and better cosmetic outcome.High uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression is a characteristic of differentiated brown adipocytes and is linked to adipogenic differentiation. Paracrine fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF8b) strongly induces Ucp1 transcription in white adipocytes independent of adipogenesis. Here, we report that FGF8b and other paracrine FGFs act on brown and white preadipocytes to upregulate Ucp1 expression via a FGFR1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 axis, independent of adipogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an upregulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis and glycolysis upon Fgf8b treatment of preadipocytes. Oxylipin measurement by LC-MS/MS in FGF8b conditioned media identified prostaglandin E2 as a putative mediator of FGF8b induced Ucp1 transcription. RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic pathway confirmed that PGE2 is causally involved in the control over Ucp1 transcription. Importantly, impairment of or failure to induce glycolytic flux blunted the induction of Ucp1, even in the presence of PGE2 . Lastly, a screening of transcription factors identified Nrf1 and Hes1 as required regulators of FGF8b induced Ucp1 expression. Thus, we conclude that paracrine FGFs co-regulate prostaglandin and glucose metabolism to induce Ucp1 expression in a Nrf1/Hes1-dependent manner in preadipocytes, revealing a novel regulatory network in control of Ucp1 expression in a formerly unrecognized cell type.

To identify the association between autistic tendencies and mental health among university students who study abroad.

We conducted a historical cohort study at a Japanese university, targeting students who went overseas from 2012 to 2014 as part of study abroad program. We administered questionnaires to students before and after completing the study abroad program. These questionnaires included items about sex, age, academic degrees, department affiliations, past experience of studying abroad, type of overseas program, and schedule of departures and returns. To determine students' mental health problems, we considered cross-cultural maladaptation while studying abroad as the outcome by two reviewers. We also administered the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Japanese version (AQ), and the General Health Questionnaire 60 Japanese version (GHQ). We utilized the logistic regression model after adjusting for GHQ and country or region with programs to estimate odds ratios (OR) for considering outcomes.

Of the 585 (100%) were participated in this study excluding 2 students for cancellations, and 352 (60.2%) were completed to follow-up. We described the prevalence of mental health problems 6.0% (21/406) and categorized when studying abroad. AQ was 19.3 mean score (standard deviation = ± 7.12). High AQ (33 score and more) was prevalent among 3.7% (18/486). Students with high AQ had more mental health problems compared to those without high AQ (Adjusted ORs 5.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 - 27.9, P = 0.03).

We clarified the association between autistic tendencies and mental health for students studying abroad.

We clarified the association between autistic tendencies and mental health for students studying abroad.

Parallax error is a major issue in small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanners which are used in preclinical studies or detailed scanning of human organs. Several methods have been proposed and investigated to reduce this radial artifact in PET images by estimating the depth of interaction (DOI) of 511-keV photons in the crystal. Among all, the dual-ended readout method seems to be very simple and effective as it does not have any fabrication and readout complications. SP13786 In the past, some studies suggested that increasing the roughness of crystal lateral surfaces improves DOI resolution. In this paper, this was experimentally examined for four CeGAGG crystals with different surface structures.

Four 1.2×1.2×20mm

GAGG crystals with following surface treatment were examined polished with optical finishing, fine grinding (using a fine surface grinding machine), fine cutting (no treatment), and coarse cutting (no treatment). These crystals were coupled individually to two SiPMs for dual-ended readout and placed in a coincidence detection circuit for electronic collimation of 511keV incidents.