Ahmadaxelsen8035

Anthropogenically polluted soils with metals are detrimental to human life. The present study assessed the concentration of metals in soil and the risks associated with the consumption of the metals when transferred from soil to palm oil. The metals of interest were Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. Analysis was done on metals in soil and virgin palm oil from fifteen independent sampling locations in the southern states of Nigeria, which includes the Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) and its substations. Top soils were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm and virgin palm oil in 1 litre container by grab sampling method. The method proposed was to achieve high throughput with minimal mobile phase solvent. Micro emulsion technique was involved as sample preparation method for the extraction of metals in virgin palm oil from the matrix. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to analyse metals in virgin palm oil and soil. This reduces analysis time and does not require complex sample preparation. Zinc metal recorded the highest concentration of metal in the palm oil and Chromium metal recorded the highest concentration of metal in soil. There was a correlation between the accumulations of metals from soil to palm oil. Risk was assessed using various indices. Cadmium metal recorded the highest concentration in the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Accumulation Factor (AF) and Health Risk Index (HRI). Daily Intake of Metals (DIM) was highest for Chromium metal. Cadmium was the highest accumulator of metals in the palm oil. © 2020 The Authors.Background Subclinical hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis originates from different causes and clinical conditions, sharing the laboratory constellation of a suppressed TSH in the presence of thyroid hormone concentrations within the reference range. Aim Presentation of hyperthyroidism can manifest itself in several ways. We questioned whether there is either a consistent biochemical equivalence of thyroid hormone response to these diagnostic categories, or a high degree of heterogeneity may exist both within and between the different clinical manifestations. Methods This secondary analysis of a former prospective cross-sectional trial involved 461 patients with untreated thyroid autonomy, Graves' disease or on levothyroxine (LT4) after thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. TSH response and biochemical equilibria between TSH and thyroid hormones were contrasted between endogenous hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis (LT4 overdose). Results Concentrations of FT4, FT3, TSH, deiodinase activity and BMI differed by diagnostic category. Over various TSH strata, FT4 concentrations were significantly higher in LT4-treated thyroid carcinoma patients, compared to the untreated diseases, though FT3 levels remained comparable. They were concentrated in the upper FT4- but low deiodinase range, distinguishing them from patients with thyroid autonomy and Graves' disease. In exogenous thyrotoxicosis, TSH and FT3 were less responsive to FT4 concentrations approaching its upper normal/hyperthyroid range. Conclusions The presence or lack of TSH feedforward activity determines the system response in the thyroid-active (hyperthyroidism) and no-thyroid response to treatment (thyrotoxicosis). This rules out a consistent thread of thyroid hormone response running through the different diagnostic categories. TSH measurements should therefore be interpreted conditionally and differently in subclinical hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.Introduction Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism, which is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Life-long Phe-free diet impairs quality of life, especially in adolescents and young adults which take responsibility over their diet and therapy from their parents, but expect freedom in daily routine. NADPH tetrasodium salt molecular weight Methods and results 105 patients with PKU were screened for eligibility for participating in this study. Data of 21 patients with genetic predictive value (GPV) ≤5 and age between 14 and 30 years were included in the analysis. Mean age of the study population was 22.6 ± 7.5 years, 8 patients (38%) were female. At baseline, structured counselling by a professional nutrionist was performed.Mean Phe-level at baseline was 926 ± 432 μmol/l, after six months Phe-levels were significantly reduced to 709 ± 314 μmol/l (p = .039), in total 4 additional patients (38% of the population) reached values within the therapeutic goal. After 12, 18 and 24 months, mean Phe-level elev to 424.8 ± 176.9 pg/ml (baseline 368.6 ± 205.6 pg/ml; p = .049) and Vitamin D increased to 30.4 ± 9.9 ng/ml (baseline 24.5 ± 10.1 ng/ml; p = .06). Conclusion Counselling by a professional nutrionist in young adults with PKU has clear short-term effects on plasma Phe-levels. Easy applicable therapeutic recommendations, as additional intake of amino acid supplement, are well tolerated and result in strict therapy adherence up to 24 months. Apart from that, the effects on Phe-levels seem only to sustain for about 6 months. More frequent nutritional counselling, i.e. at least two times per year, is recommended to preserve positive effects on Phe-levels. Lack of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D still are common in PKU patients, but not necessarily need to be substituted. They can effectively be equalized by a well-balanced diet within 24 months. © 2020 The Author(s).Background The common GLA gene mutation p.F113L causes late-onset phenotype of Fabry disease (FD) with predominant cardiac manifestations. A founder effect of FD due to this mutation was found in the Portuguese region of Guimarães. Our study aims to deepen the knowledge on the natural history of this late-onset variant. Methods 203 consecutive adult Fabry patients with p.F113L mutation (79 males; mean age 46 ± 18 years), from this region, were submitted at baseline to a predefined diagnostic protocol. The occurrence of FD manifestations was analyzed in each decade of age in both genders. Results In males, left ventricular hypertrophy (40.2%) and late gadolinium enhancement (21.4%) arose over 30 years; heart failure (HF) (21.9%), ventricular tachycardia (8.9%) and conduction disorders over 40 years; and bifascicular (13.1%) and complete atrioventricular blocks (5.9%) beyond 50 years of age. Cardiac manifestations occurred more commonly and 1-2 decades earlier in males; their frequency increased with age. Septum and posterior wall thickness, LV mass, QRS interval duration and pro-BNP levels increased with age in both genders.