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t of these approaches in a clinical setting.

Within maternity care policies and practice, pregnant migrant women are regarded as a vulnerable population.

Women's experiential knowledge is a key element of woman-centred care but is insufficiently addressed in midwifery practice and research that involves migrant women.

To examine if pregnant migrant women's experiential knowledge of vulnerability corresponds with sets of criteria of vulnerability, and to explore how migrant women make sense of vulnerability during pregnancy.

A sequential two-phased mixed-methods study, conducted in the Netherlands, integrating survey data of 89 pregnant migrant women and focus group data obtained from 25 migrant mothers - living in deprived areas according to the Dutch socio-economic index.

Criteria associated with vulnerability were reported by 65.2% of the participants and 62.9% of the participants reported adverse childhood experiences. On a Visual Analogue Scale, ranging from 0 (not vulnerable) to 10 (very vulnerable), participants self-reported sense of vulnerability showed a mean score of 4.2 (±2.56). Women's experiential knowledge of vulnerability significantly correlated with the mean sum score of clinical criteria of vulnerability (r .46, p .002) and with the mean sum score of adverse childhood experiences (r .48, p<.001). Five themes emerged from the focus group discussions "Look beyond who you think I am and see and treat me for who I really am", "Ownership of truth and knowledge", "Don't punish me for being honest", "Projection of fear" and "Coping with labelling".

Pregnant migrant women's experiential knowledge of vulnerability is congruent with the criteria. Calling upon experiential knowledge is an attribute of the humane woman-midwife relationship.

Pregnant migrant women's experiential knowledge of vulnerability is congruent with the criteria. Calling upon experiential knowledge is an attribute of the humane woman-midwife relationship.

One of the Indonesian Government's strategies to reduce maternal mortality rates has been to place a midwife in every village to provide midwifery care and facilitate essential primary healthcare services. To increase the numbers of midwives, the Indonesian Government began opening midwifery schools. However, Indonesia's maternal mortality rates remained high. This raises the question of the quality of midwifery education in Indonesia and how this education could be strengthened so that midwifery plays a key role in reducing maternal mortality rates.

The aim of this study was to identify the barriers and enablers to strengthening midwifery education in Indonesia.

A qualitative descriptive approach and in-depth interviews was the method used with 37 participants from 12 midwifery schools in eight cities situated in six provinces in Indonesia. Indonesian midwives, midwifery lecturers, midwifery students, newly graduated midwives, and obstetricians were interviewed in Bahasa Indonesia. Interviews were tranidwifery education in Indonesia.

Women with gestational diabetes have higher rates of introducing infant formula before leaving hospital.

Despite health professional support, less women with gestational diabetes exclusively breastfeed in hospital.

To find factors that positively influence in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding practices among women with gestational diabetes.

An online search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. Studies containing the keywords gestational diabetes and breastfeeding were retrieved.

Authors identified 1935 papers from search criteria. Twenty-six papers with no restrictions on research design met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Factors were divided into personal, antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal factors. The main modifiable factors that were associated with improved in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates were having a strong intention to breastfeed, being confident, feeling supported and having continuity of education and support. Women's mainrucial for women with gestational diabetes who are more likely to introduce formula due to delayed lactogenesis II and fear of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Itacnosertib cell line There is a need for developing educational and supportive interventions that are tailored specifically for women who have gestational diabetes.Others' observed actions cause continuously changing retinal images, making it challenging to build neural representations of action identity. The monkey anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and its putative human homologue (phAIP) host neurons selective for observed manipulative actions (OMAs). The neuronal activity of both AIP and phAIP allows a stable readout of OMA identity across visual formats, but human neurons exhibit greater invariance and generalize from observed actions to action verbs. These properties stem from the convergence in AIP of superior temporal signals concerning (i) observed body movements; and (ii) the changes in the body-object relationship. We propose that evolutionarily preserved mechanisms underlie the specification of observed-actions identity and the selection of motor responses afforded by them, thereby promoting social behavior.

This manuscript characterizes primary and secondary prevention research in humans and related methods research funded by NIH in 2012‒2019.

The NIH Office of Disease Prevention updated its prevention research taxonomy in 2019‒2020 and applied it to a sample of 14,523 new extramural projects awarded in 2012-2019. All projects were coded manually for rationale, exposures, outcomes, population focus, study design, and type of prevention research. All results are based on that manual coding.

Taxonomy updates resulted in a slight increase, from an average of 16.7% to 17.6%, in the proportion of prevention research awards for 2012‒2017; there was a further increase to 20.7% in 2019. Most of the leading risk factors for death and disability in the U.S. were observed as an exposure or outcome in <5% of prevention research projects in 2019 (e.g., diet, 3.7%; tobacco, 3.9%; blood pressure, 2.8%; obesity, 4.4%). Analysis of existing data became more common (from 36% to 46.5%), whereas randomized interventions became less common (from 20.