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Sorghum is an important worldwide source of food, feed and fibres. Like most plants, it forms mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the nutritional basis of mycorrhiza-responsiveness is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum to two different AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, under 16 different conditions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply. Our experiment reveals fine-scale differences between two AMF species in the nutritional interactions with sorghum plants. Physiological and gene expression patterns (ammonium transporters AMT; phosphate transporters PHT) indicate the existence of generalist or specialist mycorrhizal pathway. While R. irregularis switched on the mycorrhizal pathway independently of the plant nutritional status, F. mosseae influenced the mycorrhizal pathway depending on the N-to-P plant ratio and soil supply. The differences between both AMF species suggest some AMT and PHT as ideal candidates to develop markers for improving efficiency of nutrient acquisition in sorghum under P and N limitation, and for the selection of plant genotypes.The link between university graduation and liberal values is well-established and often taken as evidence that higher education participation causes attitudinal change. Identification of education's causal influence in shaping individual preferences is notoriously difficult as it necessitates isolating education's effect from self-selection mechanisms. This study exploits the household structure of the Harmonized British Household Panel Study and Understanding Society data to tighten the bounds of causal inference in this area and ultimately, to provide a more robust estimate of the independent effect of university graduation on political attitudes. Results demonstrate that leveraging sibling fixed-effects to control for family-invariant pre-adult experiences reduces the size of higher education's effect on cultural attitudes by at least 70%, compared to conventional methods. Significantly, within-sibship models show that obtaining higher education qualifications only has a small direct causal effect on British individuals' adult attitudes, and that this effect is not always liberalizing. This has important implications for our understanding of the relationship between higher education and political values. Contrary to popular assumptions about education's liberalizing role, this study demonstrates that the education-political values linkage is largely spurious. It materializes predominately because those experiencing pre-adult environments conducive to the formation of particular values disproportionately enroll at universities.The error-related negativity (ERN), a neural response to errors, has been associated with several forms of psychopathology and assumed to represent a neural risk marker for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders. Yet, it is still unknown which specific symptoms or traits best explain ERN variation. This study investigated performance-monitoring in participants (N = 100) recruited across a spectrum of obsessive-compulsive characteristics (n = 26 patients with OCD; n = 74 healthy participants including n = 24 with low, n = 24 with medium, and n = 26 with high OC-characteristics). Several compulsivity- and anxiety-associated characteristics were assessed and submitted to exploratory principal axis factor analysis. Associations of raw measures and derived factors with ERN and correct-related negativity (CRN) were examined. Patients with OCD showed increased ERN amplitudes compared to healthy participants. The ERN was associated with a variety of traits related to anxiety and negative affect. Factor analysis results revealed a most prominent association of the ERN with a composite measure of anxiety and neuroticism, whereas the CRN was specifically associated with compulsivity. Results support differential associations for the ERN and CRN and demonstrate that a dimensional recruitment approach and use of composite measures can improve our understanding of characteristics underlying variation in neural performance monitoring.Relational thinking, the ability to represent abstract, generalizable relations, is a core component of reasoning and human cognition. Relational thinking contributes to fluid reasoning and academic achievement, particularly in the domain of math. However, due to the complex nature of many fluid reasoning tasks, it has been difficult to determine the degree to which relational thinking has a separable role from the cognitive processes collectively known as executive functions (EFs). Here, we used a simplified reasoning task to better understand how relational thinking contributes to math achievement in a large, diverse sample of elementary and middle school students (N = 942). Students also performed a set of ten adaptive EF assessments, as well as tests of math fluency and fraction magnitude comparison. We found that relational thinking was significantly correlated with each of the three EF composite scores previously derived from this dataset, albeit no more strongly than they were with each other. Further, relational thinking predicted unique variance in students' math fluency and fraction magnitude comparison scores over and above the three EF composites. Thus, we propose that relational thinking be considered an EF in its own right as one of the core, mid-level cognitive abilities that supports cognition and goal-directed behavior. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Relational thinking, the process of identifying and integrating relations, develops over childhood and is central to reasoning. We collected data from nearly 1000 elementary and middle schoolers on a test of relational thinking, ten standard executive function tasks, and two math tests. Relational thinking predicts unique variance in math achievement not accounted for by canonical EFs throughout middle childhood. We propose that relational thinking should be conceptualized as a core executive function that supports cognitive development and learning.Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disorder. Most patients have germline mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 but, 10%-15% patients do not have TSC1/TSC2 mutations detected on routine clinical genetic testing. We investigated the contribution of low-level mosaic TSC1/TSC2 mutations in unsolved sporadic patients and families with TSC. Thirty-one sporadic TSC patients negative on routine testing and eight families with suspected parental mosaicism were sequenced using deep panel sequencing followed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Pathogenic variants were found in 22/31 (71%) unsolved sporadic patients, 16 were mosaic (median variant allele fraction [VAF] 6.8% in blood) and 6 had missed germline mutations. Parental mosaicism was detected in 5/8 families (median VAF 1% in blood). Clinical testing laboratories typically only report pathogenic variants with allele fractions above 10%. Our findings highlight the critical need to change laboratory practice by implementing higher sensitivity assays to improve diagnostic yield, inform patient management and guide reproductive counseling.The death of C. Richard Conti, MD, MACC in February 2022 marked the passing of a global leader in cardiology who played a pivotal role in the history of the American College of Cardiology and the College's outreach to the People's Republic of China.MYH9 encodes the heavy chain of nonmuscle myosin IIA, a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic myosin that regulates the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, cell polarization, and signal transduction in cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of MYH9 in cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with esophageal cancer (EC). The subcellular localization of MYH9 was investigated in SKGT-4 cells through immunofluorescent analysis. MYH9+ and MYH9- spheroid cells were derived from SKGT-4 cells by flow cytometry and compared for self-renewal capacity, tumorigenicity, CD133 positivity, cisplatin resistance, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) activity. MYH9 messenger RNA expression was assessed in 30 EC patients by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to explore the influence of MYH9 on EC survival. MYH9 localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of SKGT-4 cells. Spheroid cells displayed higher MYH9 expression and positivity compared to parental SKGT-4 cells. MYH9+ cells showed strong CSC characteristics, including in vivo tumorigenicity, migration, invasion, cisplatin resistance, and CD133+ positivity. MYH9 activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in CSCs and was upregulated in EC patients with poor survival. Collectively, these data show that MYH9 significantly promotes tumorigenesis by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in EC. MYH9 expression remarkably correlates with poor prognosis and represents a novel biomarker and drug target for the diagnosis and treatment of EC.Malignantly transformed cells must alter their metabolic status to stay viable in a harsh microenvironment and maintain their ability to invade and spread. Anoikis, a specific detachment-related form of apoptotic cell death, is a potential barrier to cancer cell metastasis. Several molecular/pathway alterations have been implicated in preventing anoikis in metastatic cancers. Specific alterations in the lipid metabolism machinery (such as an increase in fatty acid uptake and synthesis) and modifications in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are partially identified mechanisms associated with the anoikis resistance in various types of cancers, among other survival benefits. Following a summary of the molecular basis of the anoikis pathway, its resistance mechanisms, and the fundamentals of lipid metabolism in cancer, this article aims to elucidate the impact of lipid metabolism deviations recruited by cancer cells to escape anoikis.

To improve the level of hospital workers' safety performance in response to emergencies (e.g. COVID-19), this paper examines the relationship between hospital workers' job control on safety performance, and the mediating role of hospital safety climate and the moderating role of social support.

In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, a convenience sampling of hospital workers from three hospitals that have COVID-19 cases from Beijing and Shandong Province in China.

These questionnaires were used to obtain self-reported data on hospital workers' job control, hospital safety climate, social support and safety performance. Mplus software was used to calculate CFA. SPSS25.0 software was used to calculate mean values, standard deviations, correlations and regression analyses.

The participants were 241 hospital workers from three hospitals in China (male=55.2%, female=44.8%; age range <30 to >45; physician=58%, nurse=22%, other hospital worker=20%). A moderated mediation model among job control,ty performance; social support moderates the effect of work control on medical workers' safety climate. Hence, it is important to increase job control and hospital safety climate. PK11007 Further, social support for hospital workers should be encouraged, advocated and supported.