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The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in DXA values including trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (LS) and femur according to the hormone therapies including tamoxifen (TMXF) treatment with or without gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (GnRH analog) in women with breast cancer. We enrolled 119 women with breast cancer who had undergone breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy followed by TMXF treatment for postmenopausal women (TMXF group, n = 63, 52.9%) or by combination therapy of TMXF combined with GnRH analog for premenopausal women (TMXF + GnRH group, n = 56, 47.1%) from December 2013 to December 2017. The median follow-up period was 13 months (interquartile range [IQR], 12.0-14.75) for TMXF group and 13.5 months (IQR, 12.00-16.00) for TMXF + GnRH group, respectively. Patients did not receive bone-modifying therapy. The baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan before breast cancer surgery and follow-up DXA during hormone therapy. Comparie a useful parameter to detect bone microarchitectural changes in clinical applications.A subset of breast cancer patients benefits from preoperative bevacizumab and chemotherapy, but validated predictive biomarkers are lacking. Here, we aimed to evaluate tissue-based angiogenesis markers for potential predictive value regarding response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab treatment in breast cancer. In this randomized 11 phase II clinical trial, 132 patients with large or locally advanced HER2-negative tumors received chemotherapy ± bevacizumab. Dual Factor VIII/Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining was performed on core needle biopsies at baseline and week 12. Microvessel density (MVD), proliferative microvessel density (pMVD; Factor VIII/Ki-67 co-expression), glomeruloid microvascular proliferation (GMP), and a gene expression angiogenesis signature score, were studied in relation to pathologic complete response (pCR), clinico-pathologic features and intrinsic molecular subtype. We found that high baseline MVD (by median) significantly predicted pCR in the bevacizumab-arm (odds ratio 4.9, P = 0.012). High pMVD, presence of GMP, and the angiogenesis signature score did not predict pCR, but were associated with basal-like (P ≤ 0.009) and triple negative phenotypes (P ≤ 0.041). pMVD and GMP did also associate with high-grade tumors (P ≤ 0.048). To conclude, high baseline MVD significantly predicted response to bevacizumab treatment. selleck chemicals llc In contrast, pMVD, GMP, and the angiogenesis signature score, did not predict response, but associated with aggressive tumor features, including basal-like and triple-negative phenotypes.A facile one-step chemical method is introduced for the successful synthesis of Cu2O, CuO and CuNa2(OH)4 crystal structures and their electrochemical properties were also investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that these copper-based oxide nanoparticles display different crystal structures such as cubic (Cu2O), monoclinic (CuO) and orthorhombic [CuNa2(OH)4]. The microstructural information of nanoparticles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It shows attractive morphologies of different orientation such as rod like structure, nanobeads and well-aligned uniform nanorod for Cu2O, CuO and CuNa2(OH)4, respectively. Electrochemical sensing of sulphite (SO32-) on these three copper-based oxide modified electrodes was investigated. Among the three different crystal structures, CuO shows promising electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of sulphite. A linear variation in peak current was obtained for SO32- oxidation from 0.2 to 15 mM under the optimum experimental condition. The sensitivity and detection limit were in the order of 48.5 µA cm-2 mM-1 and 1.8 µM, respectively. Finally, practical utility of CuO modified electrode was demonstrated for the estimation of sulphite in commercial wine samples.Recently cleared by the FDA, 7 Tesla (7 T) MRI is a rapidly growing technology that can provide higher resolution and enhanced contrast in human MRI images. However, the increased operational frequency (~ 297 MHz) hinders its full potential since it causes inhomogeneities in the images and increases the power deposition in the tissues. This work describes the optimization of an innovative radiofrequency (RF) head coil coupled design, named Tic Tac Toe, currently used in large scale human MRI scanning at 7 T; to date, this device was used in more than 1,300 neuro 7 T MRI scans. Electromagnetic simulations of the coil were performed using the finite-difference time-domain method. Numerical optimizations were used to combine the calculated electromagnetic fields produced by these antennas, based on the superposition principle, resulting in homogeneous magnetic field distributions at low levels of power deposition in the tissues. The simulations were validated in-vivo using the Tic Tac Toe RF head coil system on a 7 T MRI scanner.Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle metabolism characterized by generalized muscle rigidity, increased body temperature, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis. The underlying mechanism of MH involves excessive Ca2+ release from myotubes via the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) and the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (CACNA1S). As more than 300 variants of unknown significance have been detected to date, we examined whether freely available pathogenicity prediction tools are able to detect relevant MH causing variants. In this diagnostic accuracy study, blood samples from 235 individuals with a history of a clinical malignant hyperthermia or their close relatives were genetically screened for RYR1 variants of all 106 RYR1 exons and additionally for known variants of CACNA1S. In vitro contracture tests were conducted on muscle biopsies obtained from all individuals, independently of whether a pathogenic variant, a variant of unknown signific0.81; 0.99]; MutationTaster 0.92 [CI 95% 0.75; 0.99]). Specificity differed depending on the used tool (Polphen 0.98 [CI 95% 0.32; 0.99]; Sift 0.98 [CI 95% 0.32; 0.99]; MutationTaster 0.00 [CI 95% 0.00; 0.60]). All pathogenic variants and variants of unknown significance were scored as probably damaging in individuals, demonstrating a high sensitivity. Specificity was very low in one of the three tested programs. However, due to potential genotype-phenotype discordance, bioinformatic prediction tools are currently of limited value in diagnosing pathogenicity of MH-susceptible variants.In a low-cost laboratory setup, we compared visual acuity (VA) for stimuli rendered with Zernike aberrations to an equivalent optical dioptric defocus in emmetropic individuals using a relatively short observing distance of 60 cm. The equivalent spherical refractive error of + 1, + 2 or + 4 D, was applied in the rendering of Landolt Rings. Separately, the refractive error was introduced dioptrically in (1) unchanged Landolt Rings with an added external lens (+ 1, + 2 or + 4 D) at the subject's eye; (2) same as (1) but with an added accommodation and a vertex distance adjustment. To compare all three approaches, we examined VA in 10 healthy men. Stimuli were observed on a PC CRT screen. For all three levels of refractive error, the pairwise comparison did not show a statistically significant difference between digital blur and accommodation-plus-vertex-distance-adjusted dioptric blur (p  less then  0.204). The best agreement, determined by Bland-Altman analysis, was measured for + 4 D and was in line with test-retest limits for examination in the clinical population. Our results show that even for a near observing distance, it is possible to use digitally rendered defocus to replicate dioptric blur without a significant change in VA in emmetropic subjects.In the present work, Ag@AgCl-reinforced cellulose composites with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation properties were successfully synthesized via oil bath heating method. During the process, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution was used as both Cl- resource to form AgCl and the solvent to dissolve cellulose. The samples were synthesized with different temperatures, times, and concentrations of ZnCl2 solution. The morphology, microstructure and phase of the as-prepared samples were analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photocatalytic activity studies and inhibition zone experiments. Results showed that dye solution could be completely degraded by the materials in 1 h, and higher concentrations of ZnCl2 solution favored for larger inhibition zones (higher to 10.8 mm). This synthetic strategy displayed here offers more possibilities to high value-added applications of cellulose.In IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgA1 molecules are characterized by galactose deficiency in O-glycans. Here, we investigated the association between urinary glycosylation profile measured by 45 lectins at baseline and renal prognosis in 142 patients with IgAN. The primary outcome was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline (> 4 mL/min/1.73 m2/year), or eGFR ≥ 30% decline from baseline, or initiation of renal replacement therapies within 3 years. During follow-up (3.4 years, median), 26 patients reached the renal outcome (Group P), while 116 patients were with good renal outcome (Group G). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that lectin binding signals of Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECA) (odds ratio [OR] 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-7.28) and Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin (NPA) (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.11-4.85) adjusted by age, sex, eGFR, and urinary protein were significantly associated with the outcome, and they recognize Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc and high-mannose including Man(α1-6)Man, respectively. The addition of two lectin-binding glycan signals to the interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy score further improved the model fitness (Akaike's information criterion) and incremental predictive abilities (c-index, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement). Urinary N-glycan profiling by lectin array is useful in the prediction of IgAN prognosis, since ECA and NPA recognize the intermediate glycans during N-glycosylation of various glycoproteins.Recently, a series of high-purity Ti3(Al1-xSix)C2 solid solutions with new compositions (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) have been reported with interesting mechanical properties. Here, we have employed density functional theory for Ti3(Al1-xSix)C2 solid solutions to calculate a wider range of physical properties including structural, electronic, mechanical, thermal and optical. With the increase of x, a decrease of cell parameters is observed. All elastic constants and moduli increase with x. The Fermi level gradually increases, moving towards and past the upper bound of the pseudogap, when the value of x goes from zero to unity, indicating that the structural stability reduces gradually when the amount of Si increases within the Ti3(Al1-xSix)C2 system. In view of Cauchy pressure, Pugh's ratio and Poisson's ratio all compositions of Ti3(Al1-xSix)C2 are brittle in nature. Comparatively, low Debye temperature, lattice thermal conductivity and minimum thermal conductivity of Ti3AlC2 favor it to be a thermal barrier coating material.