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g loss (>1000 Hz) was significantly associated with CNS lesions.

Age > 70 years and CNS lesions depicted by MRI independently predicted poor auditory recovery, albeit in different frequencies.

In patients with sudden hearing loss, older age (above 70 years) predicts poorer hearing recovery than in younger patients in most hearing frequencies. In addition, abnormalities of brain tissue revealed by MRI predict poorer hearing recovery at high frequencies.

Level III.

Level III.

To determine the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) after pediatric open airway reconstruction using a nationwide database.

Cross-sectional study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (ACS NSQIP-P) Database.

The ACS NSQIP-P was queried for open airway surgeries between 2013 and 2019 determining postoperative SSI and wound dehiscence with a random sample of non-airway cases serving as a control group.

A total of 637 laryngotracheoplasties (LTP), 411 tracheal resections (TR) and 2100 control procedures were included. LTP and TR were both performed on younger children with more comorbidities than control surgeries (

 < .05). Postoperative wound complications occurred more often after airway reconstructions than non-airway cases (6.4% vs. 2.9%,

 < .001). Compared to non-airway procedures, LTP (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.62-3.61) and TR (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.28-3.66) developed increased SSI. Multiple logistic regression identified dirty or infected wounds (OR 4.61,

 < .001, 95% CI 2.35-9.03) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class IV (OR 3.19,

=.02, 95% CI 1.12-8.39) as the strongest predictors of SSI after airway reconstruction.

SSI after pediatric airway reconstruction occur in 6% of cases and are increased in infected wounds and ASA Class IV surgeries. Recognizing common factors for these complications provide reliable benchmarking to design surgical quality improvement initiatives.

4.

4.

Pediatric patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at risk for residual OSA following tonsillectomy with/without adenoidectomy (T ± A). We initiated a quality improvement (QI) project to increase the percentage of postoperative (postop) polysomnography (PSG) completion to identify residual OSA.

This is a prospective QI project carried out at a tertiary pediatric academic hospital. Children ≤18 years of age who underwent T ± A for severe OSA were included. Our Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based (SMART) aim was to increase the percentage of completed postop PSGs in this cohort from a baseline of 70% to95% by May 31, 2021. We focused on patient education and leveraged both clinical decision support and reporting functionalities of the electronic medical record for project implementation.

During the pre-intervention period between January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, 472 patients met the inclusion criteria with an average age of 8.6 years (SD 4.6). The rate of postop PSG completion was 69.7% (SD 11.4%) with an average time of 99 days (SD 66) between surgery and the postop PSG. A shift was observed starting in September 2020, and the PSG completion rate improved to 94.9% by September 30, 2021. Post-intervention, there were 178 patients with an average age of 9.3 years (SD 4.9). The average time between surgery and the postop PSG was significantly reduced to 57 days (SD 16;

 < .001).

Through a multidisciplinary approach, we successfully completed our SMART aim. With the establishment of QI infrastructure, our goal is to deliver better care in a sustainable fashion using QI methodology.

Through a multidisciplinary approach, we successfully completed our SMART aim. With the establishment of QI infrastructure, our goal is to deliver better care in a sustainable fashion using QI methodology.

Woakes' disease is the eponymous name for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) leading to thinning and expansion of the nasal pyramid. The endoscopic treatment of the sinus disease, while extensive, is standard practice for the rhinologist. Management of their external nasal deformities, for many, is not. Simultaneous closed rhinoplasty in these patients is straightforward, easy to perform and achieves an excellent esthetic outcome.

Three patients with CRSwNP and notable nasal pyramid expansion are reviewed. All patients had eosinophilic disease, with two having NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). All three patients underwent full house endoscopic sinus surgery from May 2018 to September 2019 along with simultaneous closed rhinoplasty. Two of these patients required only external digital pressure to fracture the nasal bones for gentle Boies elevator repositioning, while the third had osteotomies with minimal force to aid reduction.

Postoperatively, patients had excellent nasal airway symptom improvement, and the cosmetic results following rhinoplasty demonstrated normalization of symmetry, profile, and contour of the nose with high-patient satisfaction.

Based on our experience, simultaneous rhinoplasty on the thinned nasal bones of Woakes' Disease patients is not only easy to perform, but provides excellent cosmetic and functional results by allowing bone to remodel in the appropriate position, and avoids a second-stage rhinoplasty.

Based on our experience, simultaneous rhinoplasty on the thinned nasal bones of Woakes' Disease patients is not only easy to perform, but provides excellent cosmetic and functional results by allowing bone to remodel in the appropriate position, and avoids a second-stage rhinoplasty.

The role of antibiotics in ear surgery is still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess their need in cholesteatoma surgery when performing obliteration with S53P4 bioactive glass, a biocompatible material with antibacterial properties.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral center between January 2017 and May 2019. Sixty-nine consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for cholesteatoma removal and/or rehabilitation of canal-wall-down mastoidectomy with mastoid and epitympanic obliteration using S53P4 granules were included. Before 2019, antibiotics were routinely used (group "w/AB"). Patients received intravenous antibiotics during surgery, oral treatment was continued for 7 days and topical antibiotics for 1month. After 2019, no antibiotics were administered (group "w/oAB"). The primary outcome was the occurrence of early surgical site infection. Secondary outcomes were late infection, anatomic and functional results at 3 and 12 months.

Twenty-three patients were included in group "w/oAB" and 46 in group "w/AB", with no significant differences in demographics, medical history or follow-up. check details Five ears (22%) in group "w/oAB" developed an early infection compared with 2 (4%) in group "w/AB" (

=.03). The relative risk was 6.11, 95CI%[1.09;31.96]. Infections were successfully treated with antibiotics, and no patient underwent surgical removal of the granules. No late infections or complications were observed. There was no difference in graft failure or air-bone gap closure at 1year.

Peri-/post-operative antibiotics prevent early infection in obliteration surgery with S53P4 granules. Infections can be treated medically without complications or require removal of the implanted material.

4.

4.

To identify factors associated with cervical-thoracic spine posture in otolaryngology surgeries and evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available posture-training device in enhancing surgeon ergonomics.

Over 3 months, neck and spine posture from individuals performing otolaryngology surgeries was recorded using UpRight Go 2™. Average baseline posture was first recorded and biofeedback was later introduced to attempt to correct posture. The proportion of time spent in upright/neutral cervical-thoracic spine posture was correlated with surgeon and procedure characteristics and compared to proportion of upright posture time after biofeedback intervention.

The proportion of upright operating time was significantly different between procedure subtypes and surgical approaches with best performance in rhinology procedures and worst performance in head and neck surgeries (90% vs. 62%; both

 < .001). Female gender, shorter stature, and use of sitting stools were associated with greater proportion of surgery spent upright (all

 < .05). Loupes use was associated with less time in upright posture (

 < .001). With biofeedback intervention, 8 of 10 subjects demonstrated an average of 5% improvement in operating upright, with most improvement found when performing laryngology procedures (7%) and least improvement in head and neck procedures (2%).

While surgeon posture varies across otolaryngology surgeries, sitting and minimizing the use of loupes may help promote a more ergonomic operating environment and improve surgeon posture. Although the efficacy of biofeedback intervention from a commercially available posture-training device differs among otolaryngologists, exploration of alternative interventions and incorporation of an ergonomics curriculum is warranted to address postural issues experienced by many surgeons.

3.

3.

Compare proteomic profiles of rabbit vocal folds (VFs) injected with micronized cross-linked jellyfish collagen "collagen Type 0" (MX-JC) against two clinical products for injection medialization laryngoplasty (IL).

Animal model.

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve sectioning and IL were performed in New Zealand White rabbits (

= 6/group). Group 1 received (MX-JC) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), Group 2, MX-JC alone; Group 3, cross-linked hyaluronic acid; and Group 4, micronized acellular dermis. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 12 weeks. Proteomic profiling of injected versus noninjected VFs by nano-liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, and reactome gene ontology analysis was performed.

Overall, 37-61 proteins were found to be upregulated and 60-284 downregulated in injected versus non-injected VFs (>1.5 fold, false discovery rate-adjusted

< .05). Over-representation analysis (% of total) revealed top up-regulated pathways at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively Group 1, keratan sulfate metabolism (46%) and cellular processes (29%); Group 2, extracellular matrix (ECM)/collagen processes (33%) and beta oxidation (39%); Group 3, cellular processes (50%) and energy metabolism (100%); and Group 4, keratan sulfate metabolism (31%) and inflammation (50%). Top downregulated pathways were Group 1, Inflammation (36%) and glucose/citric acid metabolism (42%); Group 2, cell signaling (38%) and glucose/citric acid metabolism (35%); Group 3, keratan sulfate metabolism (31%) and ECM/collagen processes (48%); and Group 4, glucose/citric acid metabolism (33%) and ECM/collagen processes (43%).

MX-JC "collagen Type 0" upregulates pathways related to ECM/collagen formation and downregulates pathways related to inflammation suggesting that it is promising biomaterial for IL.

NA.

NA.

To understand the patterns of temporal bone fracture and facial nerve injury from ballistic trauma.

Retrospective case series.

Retrospective review of 42 patients evaluated following temporal bone ballistic injury at a single institution, university-based level-one trauma center between 2012 and 2021. Demographics, facial nerve status, CT images, interventions, complications, and outcomes were reviewed.

Mean age 30.3 years (range 5-58 years); 79% male. Racial demographics reflected the surrounding community. Seven mortalities occurred. Nineteen patients (54%) demonstrated facial nerve injury. Of those, 13/19 displayed immediate paralysis, 1 delayed, 5 unknown (due to altered mental status). On consultation, House-Brackmann grade 6 paralysis was common (13/19). Fracture was otic capsule-sparing in 17/19 (90%), universally comminuted, with significant disruption along the mastoid tip (16/19), external auditory canal (EAC) (15/19), and periauricular soft tissues (13/19). Nine patients underwent surgical intervention Transmastoid facial nerve decompression to remove compressive bony spicules (

=5); eye protection surgery (

=3); and peripheral facial nerve exploration (

=1), noting transection at the pes.