Abbottmunksgaard4390

CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism, but not rs1799983 and rs869109213 polymorphisms, might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIMS The PREPARE-MVR study (PRediction of Early PostoperAtive Right vEntricular failure in Mitral Valve repair (MVR) and to explore the associations between/Repair patients) sought to investigate the alterations of right ventricular (RV) contraction pattern in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement/repair (MVR) and to explore the associations between pre-operative RV mechanics and early post-operative RV dysfunction (RVD). METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 42 patients (63 ± 11 years, 69% men) undergoing open-heart MVR. Transthoracic three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was performed pre-operatively, at intensive care unit discharge, and 6 months after surgery. The 3D model of the RV was reconstructed, and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was calculated. We decomposed the motion of the ventricle to compute longitudinal ejection fraction (LEF) and radial ejection fraction (REF). Pulmonary artery catheterization was performed to monitor RV stroke work index (RVSWi). RVEF was slightly decreased af Society of Cardiology.BACKGROUND The oral microenvironment provides the conditions for the establishment of microorganisms not usually considered residents of the normal oral microbiota. Sexually transmitted microorganisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis can adhere to any mucosal surface and ascend to reach appropriate locations to survive and develop symptomatic infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the presence of C. trachomatis, direct immunofluorescence of this microorganism was carried out in 76 randomly selected patients attending a periodontal clinic during a period of 1 year. Samples from the gingival sulcus and the pharynx were collected for detection of C. trachomatis. Patients who attended the periodontal clinic were divided into two groups those without periodontitis and those with periodontitis. For the purpose of performing other statistical analyses, all patients were also divided by gender and age. RESULTS From the total of 76 patients, in the group without periodontitis, 61% were positive for C. trachomatis in the gingival sulcus and 63.4% in the pharynx; in the periodontitis group, 45.7% were positive in the sulcus and 40% in the pharynx. When we compared patients by gender or age, no statistical difference was found. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of C. trachomatis in this group was 53.9% in the gingival sulcus and pharynx of the studied patients. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics and outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-induced consciousness patients from a large database of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS Included were adult patients, attended between January 2007 and December 2018 by the Queensland Ambulance Service, where resuscitation was attempted by paramedics. Manual review of records was undertaken to identify CPR-induced consciousness cases. Patients exhibiting purposeful limb/body movement during CPR, with or without displaying other signs, were considered to be CPR-induced consciousness. Characteristics and outcomes of CPR-induced consciousness patients were compared to those without CPR-induced consciousness. RESULTS A total of 23 011 OHCA patients were included; of these, 52 (0.23%) were CPR-induced consciousness. This translates into an incidence rate of 2.3 cases per 1000 adult resuscitation attempts over 12 years. Combativeness/agitation was the most common sign of CPR-induced consciousness, described in 34.6% (18/52) of patients. CPR-induced consciousness patients had numerically higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation on hospital arrival (51.9% vs 28.6%), discharge survival (46.2% vs 15.1%) and 30-day survival (46.2% vs 14.7%), than those without CPR-induced consciousness; however, CPR-induced consciousness was not found to be an independent predictor of survival. read more Higher proportions of CPR-induced consciousness patients had arrest witnessed by paramedics, occurring in public places, of cardiac aetiology and initial shockable rhythm, than patients without CPR-induced consciousness. CONCLUSIONS CPR-induced consciousness in OHCA appears to be associated with higher survival rates. Standardised guidelines on recognition and management of CPR-induced consciousness remain to be established. © 2020 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.INTRODUCTION Epidemiological data suggest that persistent viral infections impair immune homeostasis and immune responsiveness. Previous studies showed that chronic virus infections negatively impact bystander T-cell differentiation and memory formation but there is limited knowledge of how chronic virus infections impinge on heterologous naive T-cell populations. METHODS We used adoptive transfer of naive CD8 T cells with defined nonviral specificity into hosts, which were subsequently chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, followed by analyses of numeric, phenotypic, and functional changes provoked in the chronically infected host. RESULTS We demonstrate that chronic virus infections have a profound effect on the number and phenotype of naive bystander CD8 T cells. Moreover, primary expansion upon antigen encounter was severely compromised in chronically infected hosts. However, when naive bystander CD8 T cells were transferred from the chronically infected mice into naive hosts, they regained their expansion potential. Conversely, when chronically infected hosts were supplied with additional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primary expansion of the naive CD8 T cells was restored to levels of the uninfected hosts. CONCLUSIONS Our results document numeric, phenotypic, and functional adaptation of bystander naive CD8 T cells during nonrelated chronic viral infection. Their functional impairment was only evident in the chronically infected host, indicating that T-cell extrinsic factors, in particular the quality of priming APCs, are responsible for the impaired function of naive bystander T cells in the chronically infected hosts. © 2020 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Polydopamine (PDA) is a major type of artificial melanin material with many interesting properties such as antioxidant activity, free-radical scavenging, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and strong metal-ion chelation. The high affinity of PDA to a wide range of metals/metal ions has offered a new class of functional metal-containing polydopamine (MPDA) nanomaterials with promising functions and extensive applications. Understanding and controlling the metal coordination environment is vital to achieve desirable functions for which such materials can be exploited. MPDA nanomaterials with metal/metal ions as the active functions are reviewed, including their synthesis and metal coordination environment and their applications in catalysis, batteries, solar cells, capacitors, medical imaging, cancer therapy, antifouling, and antibacterial coating. The current trends, limitations, and future directions of this area are also explored. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Overweight and obesity have become a dangerous disease requiring multiple interventions, treatment and preventions. In women of reproductive age, obesity is one of the most common medical conditions. Among others, obese state is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress. Increased maternal body mass index might amplify inflammation and reactive oxygen species production, which is associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes that affect both mother and child. Intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus are examples of the hampered maternal and foetoplacental unit interactions. Visfatin is the obesity-related adipokine produced mainly by the visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin affects glucose homeostasis, as well as the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Here, we review visfatin interactions in pregnancy-related disorders linked to obesity. We highlight the possible predictive and prognostic value of visfatin in diagnostic strategies on gravidas with obesity. © 2020 World Obesity Federation.Atherosclerosis is one of leading phenotypes of cardiovascular diseases, featured with increased vascular intima-media thickness (IMT) and unstable plaques. The interaction between gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular homeostasis is emerging as a hot topic. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of an intestinal protein, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP/FABP2) in the atherosclerotic progress. In western diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, FABP2 was highly expressed in intestine. Silence of intestinal Fabp2 attenuated western diet-induced atherosclerotic phenotypes, including decreasing toxic lipid accumulation, vascular fibrosis and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, intestinal Fabp2 knockdown improved intestinal permeability through increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. Meanwhile, intestinal Fabp2 knockdown mice exhibited down-regulation of intestinal inflammation in western diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. In clinical patients, the circulating level of FABP2 was obviously increased in patients with cardiovascular disease and positively correlated with the value of carotid intima-media thickness, total cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, FABP2-induced intestinal permeability could address a potential role of gastrointestinal system in the development of atherosclerosis, and targeting on intestinal FABP2 might provide a therapeutic approach to protect against atherosclerosis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.In recent years, many vaccines have been developed for the prevention of a variety of diseases. Although the primary objective of vaccination is to prevent disease, vaccination can also reduce the severity of disease in those individuals who develop breakthrough disease. Observations of apparent mitigation of breakthrough disease in vaccine recipients have been reported for a number of vaccine-preventable diseases such as Herpes Zoster, Influenza, Rotavirus, and Pertussis. The burden-of-illness (BOI) score was developed to incorporate the incidence of disease as well as the severity and duration of disease. A severity-of-illness score S > 0 is assigned to individuals who develop disease and a score of 0 is assigned to uninfected individuals. In this article, we derive the vaccine efficacy statistic (which is the standard statistic for presenting efficacy outcomes in vaccine clinical trials) based on BOI scores, and we extend the method to adjust for baseline covariates. Also, we illustrate it with data from a clinical trial in which the efficacy of a Herpes Zoster vaccine was evaluated. © 2020 The Authors. Pharmaceutical Statistics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.