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05) reduced in the presence of γδ T-cells.

Our findings showed that γδ T-cell therapy has potent benefit in cancer treatment.

Our findings showed that γδ T-cell therapy has potent benefit in cancer treatment.

CBP is a transcriptional coactivator in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that is related to cell kinetics and differentiation. This study aimed to characterize β-catenin-activated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate the direct effects of PRI-724 (a selective inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin/CBP signaling) on HCC.

Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin was performed in 199 HCC resected samples. Moreover, using cultured HCC cell lines, cell kinetics and its related proteins were analyzed after treatment of cells with C-82 (active form of PRI-724).

Nuclear β-catenin expression was found in 18% of HCC cases and the tumor sizes in these positive samples were larger. In HCC cell lines with a constitutively activated β-catenin, C-82 inhibited cell proliferation. C-82 led to an increase in the percentage of cells in the G

/G

phase of the cell cycle. The percentage of cells in the sub-G

phase also increased. Moreover, C-82 treatment significantly decreased the expression of cell proliferating markers and increased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.

PRI-724(C-82) may be a novel drug for β-catenin-activated HCC therapy.

PRI-724(C-82) may be a novel drug for β-catenin-activated HCC therapy.

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves are popular as a tea infusion in Asia and their main active ingredients are flavonoids. The present study aimed to explore the anticancer properties of flavonoids isolated from persimmon leaves (PLF).

We investigated the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of PLF against several human cancer cell lines. Apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PLF were accessed using high-content analysis with florescent staining. The ability of PLF to scavenge free radicals was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.

PLF demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferation of liver, breast, and colorectal cancer cells in vitro. PLF induced apoptosis and increased intracellular ROS levels in HCT116 (colorectal cancer) and HepG2 (liver cancer) cells. In addition, PLF showed strong free radical scavenging ability.

The anti-proliferation activity of PLF against cancer cells was related to the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress.

The anti-proliferation activity of PLF against cancer cells was related to the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Small molecule-based chemotherapy is an attractive approach for the chemoprevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural organosulfur compound with anticancer properties, as revealed by studies on in vitro models of gingival, prostate, lung, hepatic, and breast cancer. TH-257 However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MSM in colon cancer cells remain unclear.

Here, we investigated the effects of MSM, especially on the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, in HT-29 cells.

MSM suppressed the viability of HT-29 cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G

/G

phase. MSM suppressed the sphere-forming ability and expression of stemness markers in HT-29 cells.

MSM has anti-cancer effects on HT-29 cells, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while suppressing the stemness potential.

MSM has anti-cancer effects on HT-29 cells, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while suppressing the stemness potential.

Mathematical models have long been considered as important tools in cancer biology and therapy. Herein, we present an advanced non-linear mathematical model that can predict accurately the effect of an anticancer agent on the growth of a solid tumor.

Advanced non-linear mathematical optimization techniques and human-to-mouse experimental data were used to develop a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) estimation model.

Using this mathematical model, we could accurately predict the tumor mass in a human-to-mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) xenograft under gemcitabine treatment up to five time periods (points) ahead of the last treatment.

The ability of the identified TGI dynamic model to perform satisfactory short-term predictions of the tumor growth for up to five time periods ahead was investigated, evaluated and validated for the first time. Such a prediction model could not only assist the pre-clinical testing of putative anticancer agents, but also the early modification of a chemotherapy schedule towards increased efficacy.

The ability of the identified TGI dynamic model to perform satisfactory short-term predictions of the tumor growth for up to five time periods ahead was investigated, evaluated and validated for the first time. Such a prediction model could not only assist the pre-clinical testing of putative anticancer agents, but also the early modification of a chemotherapy schedule towards increased efficacy.

In this study, the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs)-protective effects of beraprost sodium (BPS) were investigated using mice with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS).

The mice were divided into BPS, placebo and control groups. They were killed 48 h after MCT administration, and blood samples and liver tissues were evaluated. Immunostaining was performed using anti-SE-1 and anti-CD42b antibodies, whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels were evaluated using western blot or real-time RT-PCR.

On pathological examination, SOS-related findings were observed in zone 3 in the placebo group; however, these were significantly suppressed in the BPS group. SE-1 staining showed a consistent number of LSECs in the BPS group compared with that in the placebo group, while CD42b staining showed a significant decrease in the number of extravasated platelet aggregation (EPA) in the BPS group. PAI-1 expression was significantly lower in the BPS group than in the placebo group; however, eNOS expression was significantly higher in the BPS group than in the placebo group.

Prophylactic administration of BPS is useful for suppressing the development of SOS through the protective effects of LSEC.

Prophylactic administration of BPS is useful for suppressing the development of SOS through the protective effects of LSEC.