Pittmanpadilla0956

OBJECTIVES Epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM] is a surface marker of cancer stem cells that can maintain the capacity for malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and tumor recurrence; hence its detection among hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] patients may be an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to detect EpCAM mRNA expression in the whole blood of HCC patients and normal control subjects to elucidate its clinico-pathological significance among patients with HCC. METHODS This study was conducted on 74 newly diagnosed HCC patients and forty normal control subjects. Both groups were subjected to the detection of EpCAM mRNA in the whole blood using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT- PCR] technique. EpCAM expression was compared with some of the established prognostic factors of HCC. RESULTS EpCAM was detected in 17.5% of the HCC cases and was not expressed in any of the normal control subjects. EpCAM positive cases showed higher serum levels of alpha- feto protein [AFP] and carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]. Prevalence of EpCAM positivity gave significant results with distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and portal vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION EpCAM proved high specificity among HCC patients and its expression was associated with metastasis and portal vein thrombosis. Higher serum levels of CEA among the EpCAM positive patients may attract the attention to a subgroup of HCC patients who are more liable to develop metastasis..OBJECTIVE We examined the effectiveness of a health education program to improve; knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer and Pap smear, and uptake of Pap smear test among female entrepreneurs in Kedah, a northern state of Malaysia. METHODS This controlled community trial involved 210 women from the districts of Alor Setar and Sungai Petani. Simple random sampling was applied to select 105 women from each district. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information about the variables of interest. Health education intervention program included educational talk, demo video, experience sharing, pamphlet distribution, and text message reminders. Evaluation of outcomes was performed twice. The text message reminders acted as the cues to action that were sent between the two evaluation times at one-month interval. Women in the control group received educational talk alone. In the control group, evaluation of outcomes was done only once, which was one month after the educational talk. RESULTS Knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap smear, and attitude towards Pap smear among women in both intervention and control group improved significantly at Evaluation stage 1. However, no further improvements were observed in the intervention group at Evaluation stage 2. The uptake of Pap smear in the intervention group increased significantly from 48.0% at Baseline to 68.0% at Evaluation stage 1 (P.OBJECTIVES In the near future, the health system of Iran will face serious public health challenges means increase in the elderly population and the rate of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is anticipated that providing palliative care for chronic diseases will be one of the priorities of the country's health system. The purpose of the present study was to explain the present status and the future challenges of providing palliative care in the health system of Iran and help policy-makers to create a future roadmap by presenting a picture of the present status.  Methods In this qualitative study, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with policy-makers, researchers, and managers of the centers providing palliative care in 2018-2019. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis based on the Public Health Strategy and framework analysis. RESULTS According to the WHO Public Health Strategy, palliative care challenges categorized in 13 subcategory and four main category include policy-making, program implementation, comprehensive education and drug availability. CONCLUSION Providing palliative care that is currently dispersed in some centers does not meet the needs of chronic diseases. Establishing the palliative care system as one of the major goals of the health system of Iran is possible through reforming the fourfold structure of policy-making, implementation, education and drug availability. Therefore, it is suggested that authorities perform comprehensive and systematic management of challenges using foresight methods..OBJECTIVE β-glucan, glucopyranosyl polymers of fungi cell wall, represent an immune stimulating effects with potential anti-cancer activity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immunomodulating properties in cancer microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Candida albicans (C. albicans) beta-glucan on MSCs supernatant for apoptosis assay of lung cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Beta-glucan was extracted from cell wall of C.albicans. MSC isolated from adipose tissue of patients and confirmed using specific surface markers expression which examined by flow cytometry. MSCs treated with various concentrations of β-glucans for 48 hours. Cytotoxic effect of β-glucans was evaluated using MTT assay. MSC and lung cancer line cocultured and treated with β-glucans and apoptosis assay was done by flow cytometry. RESULTS Cytotoxicity findings showed a significant decrease in MSC viability during 48h, however it was dose-dependent (P less then 0.05). According to the obtained findings, supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells treated with β-glucans increased cancer cells apoptosis (P less then 0.05). CONCLUSION Beta glucan may highlight a potential and novel promising candidate in future strategies to cause apoptosis of cancer cells and consider as therapeutic  agent against tumor growth as well. Definitely, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to understand its functions.OBJECTIVE To date, little is known about the roles of FasL and TILs in cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the correlation between FasL expression and TILs presence in cervical cancer. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cpi-1205.html METHODS In this study, we analysed the FasL and TIL presence in 32 squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma that were obtained from early stage (≤ IIA2) cervical cancer patients using immunohistochemistry. The level of FasL and TIL was assessed qualitatively, and then quantified with the H-Score system. RESULTS Most of the patients were between 30 to 50 years old (59,4%), and had never taken pap smear examination before (96,9%). Based on the Pearson analysis of FasL and TIL presence, we found that FasL was inversely correlated with CD45 or TIL number when the level of FasL is above 140 and the CD45 is below 160. Based on Chi-Square test of FasL and TIL classification, there was a nine-fold odds ratio (OR) of lower TILs classification in high expression of FasL classification (OR 9, p=0.01). CONCLUSION An inverse correlation between FasL expression and TILs level, that might indicate FasL-induced TILs apoptosis in tumor tissue, was observed.