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Thus, we can benchmark our models for further improvements in device engineering. Our study indicates, how the significant increase in X-ray brightness at 4th generation synchrotron, makes high-throughput measurements on realistic nanoelectronic devices viable.Absolute total electron scattering cross sections (TCS) for nitrobenzene molecules with impact energies from 0.4 to 1000 eV have been measured by means of two different electron-transmission experimental arrangements. For the lower energies (0.4-250 eV) a magnetically confined electron beam system has been used, while for energies above 100 eV a linear beam transmission technique with high angular resolution allowed accurate measurements up to 1000 eV impact energy. In both cases random uncertainties were maintained below 5-8%. Systematic errors arising from the angular and energy resolution limits of each apparatus are analysed in detail and quantified with the help of our theoretical calculations. Differential elastic and integral elastic, excitation and ionisation as well as momentum transfer cross sections have been calculated, for the whole energy range considered here, by using an independent atom model in combination with the screening corrected additivity rule method including interference effects (IAelow 10 eV, differences found between the present measurements, the SMCPP calculation and our previous data for non-polar benzene have revealed the importance of accurately calculating the rotational excitation contribution to the TCS before comparing theoretical and experimental data. This comparison suggests that our dipole-Born calculation for nitrobenzene overestimates the magnitude of the rotational excitation cross sections below 10 eV.Characterizing and isolating microparticles of different sizes is often desirable and essential for biological analysis. In this work, we present a new and straightforward technique to fabricate variable-height glass microchannels for size-based passive trapping of microparticles. The fabrication technique uses controlled non-uniform exposure to an etchant solution to create channels of arbitrary height that vary in a predetermined way from the inlet to the outlet. Channels that vary from 1 μm to over 20 μm in height along a length of approximately 6 cm are shown to effectively and reproducibly separate particles by size including particles whose diameters differ by less than 100 nm when the standard deviation in size is less than 0.66 μm. Additionally, healthy red blood cells and red blood cells chemically modified with glutaraldehyde to reduce their deformability were introduced into different channels. The healthy cells can flow into shallower heights, while the less deformable ones are trapped at deeper heights. VU661013 The macroscopic visualization of microparticle separation in these devices in addition to their ease of use, simple fabrication, low cost, and small size suggest their viability in the final detection step of many bead-based assay protocols.An alternative strategy for the synthesis of terpyridine based switchable molecular tweezers has been developed to incorporate anisotropic Mn(iii)-salphen complexes. The free ligand was synthesized using a building block strategy based on Sonogashira coupling reactions and was then selectively metalated with manganese in a last step. The conformation of the tweezers was switched from an open 'W' shaped form to a closed 'U' form by Zn(ii) coordination to the terpyridine unit bringing the two Mn-salphen moieties in close spatial proximity as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. An alternate switching mechanism was observed by the intercalation of a bridging cyanide ligand between the two Mn-salphen moieties that resulted in the closing of the tweezers. These dual stimuli are attractive for achieving multiple controls of the mechanical motion of the tweezers. A crystallographic structure of unexpected partially oxidized closed tweezers was also obtained. One of the two Mn-salphen moieties underwent a ligand-centered oxidation of an imino to an amido group allowing an intramolecular Mn-Oamide-Mn linkage. The magnetic properties of the manganese(iii) dimers were investigated to evaluate the magnetic exchange interaction and analyze the single molecule magnet behavior.This work shows conclusively that lamellar surface patterns can be obtained with diverse ceramic compositions during electrospinning. The lamellar structure formation is governed by the creation of an outer shell during the thermal treatment of initially uniform cylindrical fibers, consisting of polymer and pre-ceramic compounds. By changing the polymer to pre-ceramic ratio in the electrospinning solution, we demonstrate for the first time a facile way to control the obtained surface structure and the orientation of the lamellas. Furthermore, the lamellar morphology was illustrated in seven different compositions. This report provides a new pathway to obtain unique surface patterns in metal-oxide nanofibers and demonstrates their utilization in different applications. Specifically, we demonstrate the prospect of utilizing Ni-Al-O fibers with lamellar structures as alternative Li-ion battery anodes. In addition, we show the potential of Fe-Al-O fibers as an effective catalyst material.A novel lithium ion battery (LIB) anode material with high capacity is found, which is made of cross-linked graphene sheets. The new material, named bco-C20, has a 3D honeycomb structure composed of unit cells of 20 atoms, and exhibits a body-centered orthorhombic crystal structure. The thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stabilities of such a material are well evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation, phonon dispersion, and Born-Huang criteria. As a promising semimetal, bco-C20 possesses a unique electronic band structure with cross-linked Dirac nodal-rings. The Fermi velocities are from 8.25 × 105 m s-1 to 10.45 × 105 m s-1, indicating good electronic transport properties. A comparison with most of the 3D carbon materials demonstrates that bco-C20 also has the good material properties of high strength and fracture toughness that are very close to those of graphene. Furthermore, a negative Poisson's ratio of up to -0.25 is very helpful for the new material to bear compressive load. Most importantly, as a promising anode material in LIBs, bco-C20 has a high theoretical capacity of 893 mA h g-1, low diffusion barrier of 0.