Mckinnondidriksen9159

PURPOSE Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) remain a challenging complication after shoulder arthroplasty. The antimicrobial peptide α-defensin has been proposed as a new synovial fluid biomarker in diagnosing PJIs. To date, only little data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of α-defensin in shoulder PJIs; thus, we aimed to evaluate its diagnostic value in a cohort of patients with a suspected shoulder PJI. METHODS Between June 2016 and June 2018, we prospectively enrolled patients with a diagnostic shoulder aspiration due to painful shoulder arthroplasty or planned revision surgery. PJI diagnostics were performed according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. 3-Methyladenine purchase All patients with an antibiotic therapy within two  weeks before enrollment, insufficient amount of synovial aspirate, or bloody aspiration were excluded. α-Defensin was measured in the synovial fluid using the α-defensin lateral flow (ADLF) test (Synovasure®). RESULTS Out of 60 patients, we could include 29 (59% female) patients with a mean age of 70 (range, 50-92) years. A shoulder PJI was detected in five cases (Staphylococcus aureus, n = 2; Staphylococcus epidermidis, n = 2; Cutibacterium acnes, n = 1). The ADLF test was positive in seven out of 29 cases. According to the MSIS criteria, the ADLF test was false-negative in two patients and false-positive in four patients, resulting in sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of 60%, 83%, 43%, and 91%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 79%. CONCLUSION The ALDF test does not appear to be useful in predicting shoulder PJIs but may be used as an additional diagnostic factor in rejecting these infections.PURPOSE Drainage is a common procedure in high tibial osteotomy (HTO), but the benefits of drainage during HTO remain poorly investigated. This study was designed to investigate the effect of drainage on blood loss and early functional recovery in HTO. METHODS Altogether, 80 patients undergoing HTO were analyzed from August 2018 to September 2019. Patients were randomized into two groups group A (drainage, n = 40) and group B (no drainage, n = 40). There were no intergroup differences in baseline parameters between the two groups, and the same surgical techniques and haemostatic methods were used. The mean follow-up time was 3.2 months. Blood loss and early functional recovery of the knee were examined post-operatively in both groups. RESULTS The total post-operative blood loss was 253.34 ± 104.18 ml in group A and 222.51 ± 106.89 ml in group B. This difference was non-significant (p > 0.05). The post-operative haemoglobin and haematocrit differences between groups were also non-significant (p > 0.05). Post-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and lower leg swelling were lower in group A than those in group B (p  0.05). CONCLUSION Drainage in HTO does not increase patients' total blood loss, but it can promote early knee function recovery by reducing post-operative pain, lower leg swelling, and the incidence of incision complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT-03954860.Depression is a common disorder in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). There are a variety of studies estimated the prevalence of depression in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with ICD. METHODS In the present study, we conducted a systematic review of studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Medline, and EMBASE without any time filtration to obtain studies investigated the prevalence of depression in patients with ICD. Search terms consisted of "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator(s)" in combination with "depression," "depressive," "prevalence," "implanted cardioverter," "implantable," and "implantable defibrillator." RESULTS We identified 15 relevant studies, comprising data from 10,182 patients with ICD from whom 2400 (23.58%) (95% CI, 15.36-31.79) had depression. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depression among middle-aged patients (28.58% with confidence interval of 95%, 21.51-35.65) was higher than elderly patients (22.23% with confidence interval of 95%, 11.21-33.24) and it was not significantly correlated with the mean age of samples (P = 0.255), sample size (P = 0.686), and the publication date (P = 0.784), although there was a significant correlation between the prevalence of depression and the quality of articles so that the prevalence was decreasing with an increase in the quality (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION Around 1 in 4 patients with ICD (23.58%) experiences depression progression after an ICD placement. This prevalence is comparable to that in the general population, and close to that of the patients with common chronic diseases.Unfortunately, the human islet checklist was omitted from the electronic supplementary material (ESM) linked to this paper.AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mendelian randomisation studies have not shown a clear causal effect of high plasma glucose on the risk of Alzheimer's disease. We tested the hypothesis that high plasma glucose caused by genetic variation has a causal effect on the risk of unspecified dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in the general population. METHODS A Mendelian randomisation design was used with data from 115,875 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Findings for Alzheimer's disease were validated in a two-sample Mendelian design with 455,258 individuals, including 71,880 individuals with Alzheimer's disease or a parent with Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS In observational multifactorial-adjusted analyses, HRs were 1.15 (95% CI 1.01, 1.32; p = 0.039) for unspecified dementia, 0.91 (95% CI 0.79, 1.06; p = 0.22) for Alzheimer's disease and 1.16 (95% CI 0.86, 1.55; p = 0.34) for vascular dementia in individuals with a glucose level higher than 7 vs 5-6 mmoLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Observational and genetically high plasma glucose are causally related to the risk of unspecified dementia, but not to Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia.