Dahlgaardmahler5599
9% (92/844) and 24.5% (207/844), respectively. Agar plate culture was 5.4 and 2.7 times respectively more sensitive than FECT and STST, with slight and fair agreement in the detection of
Hookworm diagnostic agreement was moderate between APC and FECT, and APC and STST. The Kappa value between STST and FECT diagnostic methods was substantial.
APC has a better detection rate of
and hookworm larvae. Therefore, APC can be used as an alternative routine diagnostic method to
and hookworm co-endemic countries.
APC has a better detection rate of S stercoralis and hookworm larvae. Therefore, APC can be used as an alternative routine diagnostic method to S. stercoralis and hookworm co-endemic countries.
The present study was conducted in Jul 2019 and Jan 2020 in two wildlife parks of the Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where the endangered Punjab urial (
) is successfully bred in captivity. We determined diversity of internal and external parasites that take advantage of the situation of congestion, resulting in massive mortalities of wild animals in captivity.
Internal parasites of living urial were determined by direct wet smear and flotation methods, while dead urial was necropsied for any pertaining observation.
All examined fecal samples were found infected with gastrointestinal parasites, which had significant difference in the total abundance in winter and summer.
and
and a single protozoan,
spp. were the dominant parasites in fecal samples. Ticks collected from urial enclosures and dead animals were of single species
.
spp. was observed in blood, while hydatid cysts were found in lungs and liver of necropsied urial.
The study indicates that internal parasites such as
and
, while external parasites as
ticks played major role in the population decline. Strict veterinary control of infectious diseases, provision of hygienic and supplementary diet, and proper maintenance of urial population are necessary measures for the control of mortalities.
The study indicates that internal parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus, while external parasites as Hyalomma anatolicum ticks played major role in the population decline. Strict veterinary control of infectious diseases, provision of hygienic and supplementary diet, and proper maintenance of urial population are necessary measures for the control of mortalities.
Snails of the genus
are the intermediate hosts of
species
the etiological agents of liver fluke disease, fascioliasis. A genetically different but morphologically very similar species in the genus,
is sympatrically distributed with
in some regions of the world. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of
in Kerman province, Iran and to characterize genetically
specimens from southeast Iran.
Field-collected snails from four localities in Jiroft, Bam and Faryab, Kerman province, southeastern Iran were studied. Hydrological variables including temperature and pH were recorded for each habitat. Each specimen was identified using morphological as well as conchological characteristics. Rutin Genetic characterization was performed using PCR-sequencing followed by phylogenetic analyses on nuclear
as well as mitochondrial
gene fragments. MaxEnt software was used to predict the most appropriate ecological niches for the targeted species.
was found in 4 out of 28 locations. One
and two
haplotypes were detected among
populations from the four localities. Habitat study showed that
thrives in habitats with alkaline pH.
from South America were clustered with specimens from Bam, Kerman, Iran; however, north Iranian isolates of
were strongly correlated with specimens from Jiroft and Faryab. MaxEnt model for the most appropriate ecological niches of the targeted species predicted environmental suitability for this species in western Africa as well as coastal areas in north and southwestern Africa.
is frequently present in southern areas of Kerman Province. At least two genetically different haplotypes are present in southeastern Iran.
G. schirazensis is frequently present in southern areas of Kerman Province. At least two genetically different haplotypes are present in southeastern Iran.
Placental malaria has ability to upregulate prostaglandin synthesis by increasing cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) enzyme activity. Cox-2 and prostaglandin have a role in causing uterine contraction and therefore can cause abortion or preterm labor. Tablet AS201-01 containing the ethyl acetate fraction of
was tested in vivo on pregnant mice infected with
. AS201-01 inhibited the growth of
, increased TGF-β expression, decreased TLR-4 expression and apoptosis index of placental tissue in
infected pregnant mice and thus prevented placental malaria complications. These effects were correlated with the decrease of Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression.
Twenty-four pregnant mice (Balb/c) were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Mice were maintained at Animal Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016. G1 were uninfected pregnant mice, G2 untreated infected pregnant mice, G3 infected pregnant mice treated with AS201-01, and G4 infected pregnant mice treated with DHP tablet. All infection groups (G2-G4) were inoculated with 1x10
of
parasite on day 9 of gestation and treated on day 11. All mice were terminated at day 15 of gestation, and placental tissue was collected. Cytokine expression of Cox-2 and prostaglandin were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.
G3 was found to have lower Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression compared to G4 and G2, but higher compared to G1. Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression was significantly different among groups (
<0.001).
This study demonstrates the ability AS201-01 tablets have to decrease Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression on placental of
infected mice and therefore eliminates the adverse effects of placental malaria.
This study demonstrates the ability AS201-01 tablets have to decrease Cox-2 and prostaglandin expression on placental of P. berghei infected mice and therefore eliminates the adverse effects of placental malaria.
