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In clinics where policies are infeasible, multifaceted campaigns comprising on-site vaccination, vaccination stands and educational and promotional campaigns as well as incentives should be implemented. Lessons learned from influenza campaigns could be implemented in future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns.

Mandatory vaccination policies are effective measures to achieve high overall vaccination coverage. In clinics where policies are infeasible, multifaceted campaigns comprising on-site vaccination, vaccination stands and educational and promotional campaigns as well as incentives should be implemented. Lessons learned from influenza campaigns could be implemented in future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns.The aim of this paper is to examine generic competition in the UK, with a special focus on the role of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) on generic market entry and diffusion. In the UK, where no direct price regulation on pharmaceuticals exists, HTA has a leading role for recommending the use of medicines providing a non-regulatory aspect that may influence the dynamics in the generic market. The paper focuses on the role of Technology Appraisals issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). We follow a two-step approach. First, we examine the probability of generic entry. Second, conditional on generic entry, we examine the determinants of generic market share. We use data from IQVIA British Pharmaceutical Index (BPI) for the primary care market for 60 products that lost patent between 2003 and 2012. Our results suggest that market size remains one of the main drivers of generic entry. After controlling for market size, intermolecular substitution and difficulty of manufacturing increase the likelihood of generic entry. After generic entry, our estimates suggest that generic market share is highly state dependent. see more Our findings also suggest that while NICE recommendations do influence generic uptake, there is only marginal evidence they affect generic entry.

Patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease who relapse after or are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation have a poor prognosis. Recently, the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; May 2016 and March 2017, respectively) as treatment options for R/R cHL patients.

In the absence of comparative clinical trials between these agents, this observational study was conducted to evaluate the healthcare resource utilization (HRU) of patients with cHL initiated on pembrolizumab compared to nivolumab in the USA.

Healthcare insurance claims from Symphony Health's IDV® (Integrated Dataverse) (July 2014-June 2018) were used in this retrospective study. The study population included adult patients with cHL initiated on pembrolizumab or nivolumab (index date). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for differences in patient characteristics between cohorts. All-caufferent between patients in the pembrolizumab and nivolumab cohorts.

In this real-world study, adult cHL patients initiated on pembrolizumab had significantly lower rates of all-cause and cHL-related hospitalizations compared to patients initiated on nivolumab.

In this real-world study, adult cHL patients initiated on pembrolizumab had significantly lower rates of all-cause and cHL-related hospitalizations compared to patients initiated on nivolumab.

Ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A antibody, has shown efficacy in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). The objectives of this analysis were (a) to measure improvement in ixekizumab-treated patients in Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) response domains and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and (b) to determine how ASAS responses were associated with changes in patient global disease activity (PtGA), spinal pain, function, stiffness, fatigue, and spinal pain at night.

COAST-X was a phase 3, 52-week multicenter, randomized, controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of 80-mg ixekizumab every 2weeks (Q2W) and every 4weeks (Q4W) in patients with active nr-axSpA. Changes from baseline in PROs were analyzed via mixed-effects models for repeated measures. Association analyses for ASAS responses used analysis of covariance with Scheffé's method.

Patients treated with ixekizumab Q2W and Q4W reported significantly greater improvements in PtGA, spinal pain, f-axSpA.

NCT02757352.

NCT02757352.

Gout is a common, progressive, systemic inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricemia. Current guidelines recommend that serum uric acid (sUA) levels be maintained below 6.0mg/dl to minimize acute gout attacks, tophi development, and long-term joint and organ damage. This study examined the influence of uncontrolled gout on post-diagnosis comorbidities and medication use.

The Humana Research Database (2007-2016, commercial insurance and Medicare) was searched (PearlDiver tool) for patients who had a gout diagnosis code, claims data for at least 6months before and after diagnosis, and at least 90days of continuous urate-lowering therapy within 1year of diagnosis. Patients with controlled (all sUA measurements < 6.0mg/dl) and uncontrolled (all sUA measurements ≥ 8.0mg/dl) gout were further examined and compared to better understand the influence of uncontrolled gout on post-diagnosis comorbidities, medication use, and reasons for seeking medical care.

A total of 5473 and 1358 patients met inclusion and classification criteria for the controlled and uncontrolled groups, respectively. Identified comorbidities in both groups included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the uncontrolled group was more likely to have diabetes, CKD, and cardiovascular disease (including heart failure and atrial fibrillation). Additionally, CKD tended to be more advanced in the uncontrolled gout population (Stage 4-5 34.6 vs. 22.2%). Overall opioid use was higher in uncontrolled patients.

The current study identified differences between controlled and uncontrolled gout patients, including usage of medication, severity of CKD, and prevalence of CKD, diabetes, and heart disease.

The current study identified differences between controlled and uncontrolled gout patients, including usage of medication, severity of CKD, and prevalence of CKD, diabetes, and heart disease.