Singersandberg8040

The shell structure and release properties of layer-by-layer assembled particles could be tailored by controlling the interactions between starches.Although research on phytochemicals has been a hot topic due to positive effects on human health, modification of starch with phytochemicals has been limited. In the present work, cassava starch-ferulic acid (CS-FA) complexes were acquired using different times of mechanical activation via stirring ball milling, and their characterization and physicochemical properties were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed the broken structure of native cassava starch, but the smooth structure of CS-FA complexes. The X-ray diffraction indicated that the C-type crystalline structure of native cassava starch completely disappeared with the increase time of mechanical activation. The complexation was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) studies. The TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability was decreased by mechanical activation, but it could be improved with the existence of ferulic acid. The solubility of CS-FA complexes increased with increasing of the time by mechanical activation. Therefore, mechanical activation is considered a suitable method for preparing CS-FA complexes. As a new material with considerable antioxidant activity, it would be a great potential for CS-FA complexes in functional food, biomedical materials, and cosmetic products.Hydrogel finds an interesting candidate in the biomedical field due to their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, soft as tissue etc. In the reported research article natural biopolymer i.e. chitosan based hydrogel was developed via condensation reaction with cuminaldehyde. Chitosan and cuminaldehyde were used for the gel formation by covalent bonding between free amino group and carbonyl group of chitosan & cuminaldehyde respectively. A series of hydrogel has been developed by taking different concentration of cuminaldehyde (6-10 mmol). Chemical structure of the synthesized hydrogel was further confirmed by FTIR. The surface morphology of the synthesized hydrogel was confirmed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prepared hydrogel was swelled very fast similar to the super-porous hydrogel along with rapid self-healing property which is confirmed by rheology statistics. Veliparib research buy Mechanical strength of the hydrogel was investigated from the rheology analysis and demonstrates good mechanical properties i.e. storage modulus (G') found to 107 pa. Further, the sustained release of hydrophilic drug i.e. levofloxacin from the hydrogel matrix at different pH range 6-7 has been carried out. Hydrogel with maximum cuminaldehyde amount releases max drug i.e. 96% while hydrogel with 6 mmol shows minimum drug release i.e.54%. Hydrogel shows controlled release of levofloxacin up to 90 h. The present research work revealed that produced hydrogel will become a promising candidate in biomedical field.Resistant starch (RS) is a complex prebiotic carbohydrate beneficial to the human gut. In the present study, four genes encoding for putative amylolytic enzymes, likely to be responsible for RS-degradation, were identified in the genome of Bifidobacterium adolescentis P2P3 by comparative genomic analysis. Our results showed that only three enzymes (RSD1, RSD2, and RSD3) exhibited non-gelatinized high amylose corn starch (HACS)-degrading activity in addition to typical α-amylase activity. These three RS-degrading enzymes (RSD) were composed of multiple domains, including signal peptide, catalytic domain, carbohydrate binding domains, and putative cell wall-anchoring domains. Typical catalytic domains were conserved by exhibiting seven typical conserved regions (I-VII) found mostly in α-amylases. Analysis of enzymatic activity revealed that RSD2 displayed stronger activity toward HACS-granules than RSD1 and RSD3. Comparative genomics in combination with enzymatic experiments confirmed that RSDs might be the key enzymes used by RS-degrading bifidobacteria to degrade RS in a particular ecological niche, such as the human gut.A targeted and controlled drug delivery system based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) for encapsulation and controlled release of hydrophobic drugs in the presence of maltogenic amylase (MAase), as a cyclodextrin-hydrolyzing enzyme, and trastuzumab antibody has been developed. In this study, the inclusion complex of curcumin (CUR), as a model anticancer compound, with β-CD was prepared and we constructed an antibody-enzyme bioconjugate (dextran mediated MAase-Trastuzumab bioconjugate) for controlled and targeted release of CUR at HER2 positive cancer cells (including SKBR3 and BT474). Immunocytochemistry analysis indicated that the MAase-Trastuzumab bioconjugate had significant binding affinities to HER2 positive cancer cells and demonstrated high enzyme activity to degrade β-CD in order to rapid release of CUR on targeted cell surface. Fluorescence microscopy images and cytotoxicity studies represent significantly greater cellular uptake and anti-proliferative effects of CUR by β-CD-CUR/MAase-Trastuzumab bioconjugate compared to free CUR and β-CD-CUR in presence and absence of MAase in HER2 positive cells. The results from flow cytometric assay suggest that the β-CD-CUR/MAase-Trastuzumab conjugate exhibited higher cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on cancer cells compared to other formulation. We demonstrate that this formulation has a potential application for targeted and controlled release of drugs in cancer therapy with increased therapeutic efficiency.In its 33 years, ADDR has published regularly on the potential of oral delivery of biologics especially peptides and proteins. In the intervening period, analysis of the preclinical and clinical trial failures of many purported platform technologies has led to reflection on the true status of the field and reigning in of expectations. Oral formulations of semaglutide, octreotide, and salmon calcitonin have completed Phase III trials, with oral semaglutide being approved by the FDA in 2019. The progress made with oral peptide formulations based on traditional permeation enhancers is against a background of low oral and variable bioavailability values of ~1%, leading to a current perception that only potent peptides with a viable cost of synthesis can be realistically considered. Desirable features of candidates should include a large therapeutic index, some stability in the GI tract, a long elimination half-life, and a relatively low clearance rate. Administration in nanoparticle formats have largely disappointed, with few prototypes reaching clinical trials insufficient particle loading, lack of controlled release, low epithelial particle uptake, and lack of scalable synthesis are being the main reasons for discontinuation.