Hopkinsjama0162

RESULTS After the 4-week study, the rice-based diet (BRD and WRD) groups and the WD group had a statistically significant difference in TCTT (p = 0.028). The TCTT of the BRD group was significantly reduced (p = 0.028) compared with the WRD group (-16.5 ± 8.1 vs +6.8 ± 2.1), and the TCTT of the WD group was also significantly reduced (p = 0.022) compared with that of the WRD group (-17.1 ± 11.9 vs +6.8 ± 2.1). CONCLUSION Among women with functional constipation, the BRD and WD both improved bowel function by reducing TCTT and increasing the number of bowel movements compared with the WRD group.BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Efficient imaging modalities are necessary to quantify VAT. The study assessed the agreement between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and single-slice computed tomography (CT) for abdominal fat quantification in mixed-ancestry South African women, and determined if this differed by body mass index (BMI) categories. METHODS VAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured using single-slice CT and DXA in 132 women aged 55 (45-64) years. Participants were categorised as normal weight (BMI  less then  25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis were used to determine agreement between the two measurements. RESULTS Two thirds of the participants were obese. ICI 46474 DXA and CT-derived measurements of abdominal VAT and SAT were significantly correlated in the overall sample (r = 0.872 and r = 0.966, both p  less then  0.001, respectively) and within BMI categories. DXA overestimated VAT and SAT in the overall sample and across BMI categories. In the overall sample, the mean difference (DXA-CT estimates) was 75.3 cm2 (95% CI 68.8-81.8 cm2, p ≤ 0.0001) for VAT and 54.7 cm2 (47.1-62.3 cm2, p ≤ 0.0001) for SAT. Within increasing BMI categories, the variance between the two modalities was fixed for VAT (p = 0.359 for obese), whereas the variance for SAT was heteroscedastic (p ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS DXA overestimated VAT and abdominal SAT in a sample of middle-aged mixed-ancestry South African women. VAT variance was fixed in the obesity category, an indication that DXA may be valid in measuring VAT in obese people.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and its related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the nutritional status of elderly inpatients with COVID-19 using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Based on MNA scores, patients were divided into non-malnutrition group (MNA ≥ 24), the group with risk of malnutrition (MNA 17-23.5) and malnutrition group (MNA score less then 17). Regression analysis was conducted to screen for risk factors for malnutrition. RESULTS A total of 182 patients were included in the study, of which 27.5% were in the group with malnutrition risk and 52.7% were in the malnutrition group. There were statistical differences in the incidence of comorbid diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference,albumin, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte counts among the three groups. Further regression analysis suggested that combined diabetes, low calf circumference, and low albumin were independent risk factors for malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of malnutrition in elderly patients with COVID-19 was high, and nutritional support should be strengthened during treatment, especially for those with diabetes mellitus, low calf circumference, or low albumin.Our objective was to examine whether high blood pressure in the preconception period was associated with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Chinese women. Data were obtained from the China-US Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defects Prevention, a large population-based cohort study. We included 45,628 women who were registered before pregnancy in seven counties in South China. Blood pressure was measured during registration by trained health care workers, and other health-related information was recorded prospectively. We used logistic regression to evaluate the associations between preconception blood pressure and the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of hypertension in the preconception study population was 4.57% (2083/45,628). The incidences of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were 11.95% and 4.08%, respectively, in the hypertension group and 8.60% and 2.28%, respectively, in the nonhypertension group. Compared with the nonhypertension group, the hypertension group showed a significantly increased risk for gestational hypertension [adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.60] and preeclampsia [adjusted RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.39-2.19]. When participants with normal blood pressure were used as the reference, the adjusted ORs for gestational hypertension were 1.48 (95% CI 1.37-1.59), 1.70 (95% CI 1.44-2.01), and 1.29 (95% CI 1.02-1.64), and for preeclampsia, the adjusted ORs were 1.55 (95% CI 1.35-1.78), 1.95 (95% CI 1.46-2.60), and 1.99 (95% CI 1.39-2.85) for the participants with prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension, respectively. Our results support an association between hypertension or higher blood pressure prior to pregnancy and an increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.STUDY DESIGN Systematic scoping review. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this project was to conduct a scoping review to understand the amounts, types, correlates, and outcomes of physical activity (PA) participation for ambulators with SCI. METHODS A systematic search was employed among five large databases and two theses/dissertation databases, yielding 3257 articles. Following a two-phase screening process by independent coders, 17 articles were included in the review. Data were charted and summarized, and correlates were coded using the COM-B model. RESULTS 11 studies were cross-sectional, 5 studies involved an exercise intervention, and 1 study used mixed methods. Overall, ambulators with SCI participated in low levels of PA. The type of PA investigated across all studies was leisure-time PA (e.g., sports, exercise). Psychological and physical capability (e.g., perceived behavioral control, fatigue), social and environmental opportunity (e.g., perceptions of disability, cost), and automatic and reflective motivation (e.