Yangfrank2378

As the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) progresses, many physicians in a wide variety of specialties continue to play pivotal roles in diagnosis and management. In radiology, much of the literature to date has focused on chest CT manifestations of COVID-19 (Zhou et al. [1]; Chung et al. [2]). Dinaciclib However, due to infection control issues related to patient transport to CT suites, the inefficiencies introduced in CT room decontamination, and lack of CT availability in parts of the world, portable chest radiography (CXR) will likely be the most commonly utilized modality for identification and follow up of lung abnormalities. In fact, the American College of Radiology (ACR) notes that CT decontamination required after scanning COVID-19 patients may disrupt radiological service availability and suggests that portable chest radiography may be considered to minimize the risk of cross-infection (American College of Radiology [3]). Furthermore, in cases of high clinical suspicion for COVID-19, a positive CXR may obviate the need for CT. Additionally, CXR utilization for early disease detection may also play a vital role in areas around the world with limited access to reliable real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID testing. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to describe the most common manifestations and patterns of lung abnormality on CXR in COVID-19 in order to equip the medical community in its efforts to combat this pandemic. Microbial systems have been widely studied and exploited through genetic engineering to address industrial needs and societal challenges. However, owing to their complexity, singular approaches often do not yield desired or optimal results, pushing researchers to explore combinatorial strategies. With advances in synthetic biology, various methods can readily be employed to generate large and comprehensive libraries. To serve as tractable tools, however, this capability necessitates the development of high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques to identify the best performing strain and/or those carrying the desired trait. Owing to their miniaturization, time efficiency, potential for automation, and so on, HTS enables comprehensive exploration of diverse experimental landscapes. Herein, we review the recent and novel HTS approaches and applications in the realm of microbial biotechnology. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease and highly depends on inflammation and angiogenesis as well as other pathways. Our previous study showed that the withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L. exhibited significant therapeutically effect on psoriasis, but the mechanisms concerning this effect have not been systematically studied. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possible mechanism of withanolides for treating psoriasis using an integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology strategy. Untargeted metabolomics profiling of serum with UHPLC/Orbitrap MS and a multivariate data method were performed to discover the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Afterward, the compound-target-pathway network of withanolides for psoriasis was constructed by virtue of network pharmacology. Finally, the crucial pathways were selected by integrating the results of metabolomics and network pharmacology, and then validated by ELISA and western blot analysis. The results showed that withanolides could exert excellent effects on psoriasis through regulating two types of pathways, angiogenesis and inflammation, including sphingolipids metabolism and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, reflected by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF), as well as reducing the protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF. Our study successfully explained the polypharmcological mechanisms underlying the efficiency of withanolides from the D. metel L. leaves on treating psoriasis. Meanwhile, it was also valuable for performing a systematical investigation of herb medicines, as well as for efficiently predicting the therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. BACKGROUND Onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) and onychomycosis are common pathologies of the toenail and affecting many people. Since levels of trace elements have been shown to vary in certain diseases, in the presented work, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels of toenail and serum samples of healthy individuals and patients with onychocryptosis and onychomycosis were compared. METHODS Serum and toenail samples of 88 voluntary subjects (healthy n = 24; onychomycosis n = 24; onychocryptosis n = 40) aged between 19-80 years were collected. Levels of trace elements in the samples were analyzed by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES Thermo iCAP - 6000). The differences in medians between the groups for elements were evaluated with Kruskal -Wallis H test with post hoc for pairwise comparisons in SPSS 18. RESULTS Mg (p  less then  0.001) and Mn (p = 0.002) levels were significantly increased whereas Zn (p = 0.011) level was decreased in toenails of patients with onychomycosis compared to healthy subjects. Although Mg and Mn levels were higher in female subjects with onychomycosis (p = 0.001; p = 0.019), Mn was only increased in male subjects (p = 0.015). Mg was the only trace element found to be independent of sex, age, and smoking status in patients with onychomycosis. However, no significant difference has been found in serum trace element levels neither between any groups nor toenail trace element levels of patients with onychocryptosis and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION As a response of the human body to pathogens like fungi in toenails, Mg, Mn and Zn levels vary. Especially the role of Mg ions in onychomycosis needs to be investigated more specifically. BACKGROUND AND AIMS A systemic inflammatory response complicates the evaluation of iron status during pregnancy. We investigated the magnitude of this effect on indices of iron status in late pregnancy. METHODS We retrospectively interrogated laboratory data and hospitalisation records from April 2016 to March 2017 and obtained results from pregnant women in which serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) or albumin had been examined together with indicators of iron status (serum ferritin [SF] and serum transferrin [ST], n = 11,571). We assessed the association of the inflammatory response, as evidenced by hsCRP and albumin, with iron status indicators by general linear regression analysis. RESULT Compared to women with an hsCRP of ≤ 5 mg/L, the median SF level in those with an hsCRP of 6-10, 11-20, and > 20 mg/L significantly increased by 2.24 μg/L (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.22, 3.26), 4.04 μg/L (95 % CI 2.05, 6.04), and 13.49 μg/L (95 % CI 10.44, 16.53); while the ST level decreased by 0.10 g/L (95 % CI 0.