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The ethanolic fraction of FD root demonstrated a potent antidiabetic mechanism underlying α-glucosidase inhibitory activity similar to acarbose. This fraction also suppressed lung and ovarian cancer growth, possibly by G1 and G2/M arrest, respectively. All tested fractions lacked mutagenicity in vivo. Results indicated that FD can be developed as novel antidiabetic compounds; however, its bioactive compounds should be further identified.Obesity has been a well-known risk factor of low-level serum vitamin D. Compared with the traditional obesity-related indicator (body mass index, BMI), associations for two novel anthropometric indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, still remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) status with these three obesity-related indices among Chinese adults. A total of 1666 individuals were included. Anthropometric measurements were performed to calculate the indices, and fasting blood was collected to determine serum 25(OH)D deficiency ( less then 12 ng/ml) and insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml). Deficiency or insufficiency of 25(OH)D was found in 37.5% and 43.1% of the participants, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significantly increased prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed for higher ABSI (OR Q4 vs Q1 2.334, 95% CI 1.458-3.734; p trend = 0.002) and BRI (OR Q4 vs Q1 2. 215, 95%CI 1.365-3.594; p trend = 0.010), and for higher BMI in men. Regarding 25(OH)D insufficiency, a significant association was also found for ABSI (OR Q4 vs Q1 2.372, 95%CI 1.558-3.612; p trend = 0.001). The area under the ROC of ABSI (0.731, 95%CI 0.687-0.774) for predicting a low level of 25(OH)D was significantly larger than that of BMI (0.695, 95%CI 0.649-0.741) in men, but not in women. A positive association between obesity and lower 25(OH)D serum concentration was found among Chinese adults. Besides BMI, novel obesity-related indicator, ABSI and BRI were associated with lower serum 25(OH)D to some extent, and further studies are needed to clarify their potential to be used as screening tools in clinical practice.Consuming more creatine may be associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction, yet this link remains poorly addressed at the population level. Using 2017-2018 NHANES data, the current study found that the odds ratio for having failing kidneys in 2,955 U.S adults consuming ≥2.0 g/day of dietary creatine compared to low-intake counterparts ( less then 1.0 g/day) was 0.74 (95% CI from 0.39 to 1.38), indicating no significant association between dietary creatine intake and kidney dysfunction.Aroma is an important factor affecting mushroom character and quality. According to the different reaction pathway, the key aroma metabolites (sulfur and eight-carbon volatiles) formation can be classified into enzymatic reactions and nonenzymatic reactions. Aroma volatiles are generated from precursors via the biocatalytic activities of various synthases during the growth stages of shiitake mushrooms. Understanding the specific relationships between the key aroma metabolites and their synthases is key to improving shiitake mushroom quality. At the same time, to reduce forest logging and burning of agricultural by-products in farmland, agricultural by-products have been applied to shiitake mushroom cultivation. Nevertheless, how to further improve the production of aroma volatiles in mushroom cultivated with agricultural waste is still a challenge. In order to understand the biosynthesis of volatiles via enzymatic reactions and screen the agricultural by-products that can improve the production of aroma volatble.The prevention and management of hypertension are untimely associated with a lowering of sodium intake. The present study aimed to evaluate the sodium and potassium intake levels of Tunisian population through measurement of 24-hr urinary sodium excretions. A randomly, multistage, cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban region (Bizerte) in Tunisia during 2015. The target population involved adults aged from 25 to 64 years. Sodium, potassium, and creatinine concentrations were determined in each urine sample using indirect potentiometric method. From the 420 selected participants, only 194 gave urine samples complying completeness criteria. find more A multivariate regression model was used to assess the variables related to sodium and potassium excretion. The daily mean excretion of sodium and potassium was 138.3 ± 46.5 mmol/d (corresponding to 8.1 ± 2.7 g/d of salt intake) and 61.0 ± 22.7 mmol/d, respectively. More than 87.1% of the participants (89.8% for men vs. 84.9% for women; p = .31) exceeded the WHO recommendation of 5 g/d. The upper limit of 10 g salt intake per day was still exceeded by 26.3%. After adjusted analysis, sex (for women, coef = -1.6; (95% CI -2.4, -0.7)), level of instruction (≥30 kg/m2, coef = +1.1; (95% IC 0.4-2.0)), and body mass index (≥30 kg/m2, coef = +1.1; (95% CI 0.1, 2.0)) were associated with the sodium excretion. High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake were found among participants. This consumption profile complies with the diet westernization context occurring in Tunisia. The initiated strategy focused on the downward of sodium in bread (the main source of salt intake) seems to be promising.This study was conducted to prepare starch-based moisture absorbent pads from nanocellulose (NC) and nanowood (NW) particles using solution casting evaporation method and to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties at different thicknesses. The swelling degree (SD), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB), of prepared biofilms were measured. Structural properties of biofilms were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that two types of biopolymers showed the highest level of SD at thicknesses lower than 100 µm. The highest level of SD in the lowest time belonged to nanowood biofilm. Nanowood biofilms also showed highest WVP at lower thicknesses. Due to the highest EB and the lowest TS values, improvement was observed in mechanical properties of both nano biofilms. The high hydration capacity and WVP of low-thickness NW films make it a promising candidate for developing biodegradable films with the potential to be used as a moisture-absorbing pad in active food packaging.