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Circulating vitamin D concentrations have been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the results are inconsistent. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D metabolism is linked to sleep behaviors. We investigated the prospective association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the risk of incident T2D and whether such association was modified by sleep behaviors.

The study included 350,211 individuals free of diabetes in the UK Biobank. Serum 25OHD (nmol/L) concentrations were measured. Five sleep behaviors including sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness were included to generate overall sleep patterns, defined by healthy sleep scores. We also calculated genetic risk scores of sleep patterns.

During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, we documented 6,940 case subjects with incident T2D. We found that serum 25OHD was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident T2D, and the multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) per 10 nmol/L incr2D, and such relations are modified by overall sleep patterns, with daytime sleepiness being the major contributor.

To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.

A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. I-BRD9 datasheet We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30;

= 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight (

> 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size.

During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85;



< 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m

 ; SE 0.14;

= 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27;

< 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33;

< 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes.

Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.

Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.

Diabetes and obesity are highly prevalent among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about their contributions to early COVID-19 outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that diabetes is a risk factor for poor early outcomes, after adjustment for obesity, among a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

We used data from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) COVID-19 Data Registry of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between 11 March 2020 and 30 April 2020. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation, and death within 14 days of presentation to care. Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, obesity, and relevant comorbidities.

Among 450 patients, 178 (39.6%) had diabetes-mostly type 2 diabetes. Among patients with diabetes versus patients without diabetes, a higher proportion was admitted to the ICU (42.1% vs. 29.8%, respectively,

= 0.007), required mechanical ventilation (37.1% vs. 23.2%,

= 0.001), and died (15.9% vs. 7.9%,

= 0.009). In multivariable logistic regression models, diabetes was associated with greater odds of ICU admission (odds ratio 1.59 [95% CI 1.01-2.52]), mechanical ventilation (1.97 [1.21-3.20]), and death (2.02 [1.01-4.03]) at 14 days. Obesity was associated with greater odds of ICU admission (2.16 [1.20-3.88]) and mechanical ventilation (2.13 [1.14-4.00]) but not with death.

Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, diabetes was associated with poor early outcomes, after adjustment for obesity. These findings can help inform patient-centered care decision making for people with diabetes at risk for COVID-19.

Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, diabetes was associated with poor early outcomes, after adjustment for obesity. These findings can help inform patient-centered care decision making for people with diabetes at risk for COVID-19.

While health is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), many other 'health-related' goals comprise determinants of health. Integrated implementation across SDGs is needed for the achievement of Agenda 2030. While existing literature is rich in normative recommendations about potentially useful approaches, evidence of implementation strategies being adopted by countries is limited.

We conducted a systematic review with qualitative synthesis of findings using peer reviewed and grey literature from key databases. We included publications examining implementation of health and health-related SDGs (HHSDGs) at national or subnational level published between June 2013 and July 2019.

Of the 32 included publications, 24 provided information at the national level while eight provided information for multiple countries or regions. Our findings indicate that high-level political commitment is evident in most countries and HHSDGs are being aligned with existing national development strategies and plans. A mstrengthening implementation of multisectoral work, capacity building, financial sustainability and data availability are key considerations to accelerate implementation of HHSDGs.

strengthening implementation of multisectoral work, capacity building, financial sustainability and data availability are key considerations to accelerate implementation of HHSDGs.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the pre-implantation mammalian blastocyst. At this point in time, the newly formed embryo is concerned with the generation and expansion of both the embryonic lineages required to build the embryo and the extra-embryonic lineages that support development. When used in grafting experiments, embryonic cells from early developmental stages can contribute to both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, but it is generally accepted that ESCs can give rise to only embryonic lineages. As a result, they are referred to as pluripotent, rather than totipotent. Here, we consider the experimental potential of various ESC populations and a number of recently identified in vitro culture systems producing states beyond pluripotency and reminiscent of those observed during pre-implantation development. We also consider the nature of totipotency and the extent to which cell populations in these culture systems exhibit this property.