Mayerpower3964
In certain modeling approaches, activation analyses of task-based fMRI data can involve a relatively large number of predictors. For example, in the encoding model approach, complex stimuli are represented in a high-dimensional feature space, resulting in design matrices with many predictors. Similarly, single-trial models and finite impulse response models may also encompass a large number of predictors. In settings where only few of those predictors are expected to be informative, a sparse model fit can be obtained via L1-regularization. However, estimating L1-regularized models requires an iterative fitting procedure, which considerably increases computation time compared to estimating unregularized or L2-regularized models, and complicates the application of L1-regularization on whole-brain data and large sample sizes. Here we provide several functions for estimating L1-regularized models that are optimized for the mass-univariate analysis approach. The package includes a parallel implementation of the coordinate descent algorithm for CPU-only systems and two implementations of the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm requiring a GPU device. While the core algorithms are implemented in C++/CUDA, data input/output and parameter settings can be conveniently handled via Matlab. The CPU-based implementation is highly memory-efficient and provides considerable speed-up compared to the standard implementation not optimized for the mass-univariate approach. Further acceleration can be achieved on systems equipped with a CUDA-enabled GPU. Using the fastest GPU-based implementation, computation time for whole-brain estimates can be reduced from 9 h to 5 min in an exemplary data setting. Overall, the provided package facilitates the use of L1-regularization for fMRI activation analyses and enables an efficient employment of L1-regularization on whole-brain data and large sample sizes.
We aimed to compare the efficiency of prostate cancer (PCa) detection using a radiomics signature based on advanced zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging and conventional full-field-of-view DWI.
A total of 136 patients, including 73 patients with PCa and 63 without PCa, underwent multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI). Radiomic features were extracted from prostate lesion areas segmented on full-field-of-view DWI with b-value = 1500s/mm
(f-DWI
), advanced zoomed DWI images with b-value = 1500s/mm
(z-DWI
), calculated zoomed DWI with b-value = 2000s/mm
(z-calDWI
), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived from both sequences (f-ADC and z-ADC). Single-imaging modality radiomics signature, mp-MRI radiomics signature, and a mixed model based on mp-MRI and clinically independent risk factors were built to predict PCa probability. The diagnostic efficacy and the potential net benefits of each model were evaluated.
Both z-DWI
and z-calDWI
had significantly better predictive independent clinical risk factors and the mp-MRI model, the mixed model has the best diagnostic efficiency.
• Advanced zoomed DWI technology can improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics signatures for PCa. • Radiomics signatures based on z-calDWIb2000 have the best diagnostic performance among individual imaging modalities. PKI 14-22 amide,myristoylated mouse • Compared with the independent clinical risk factors and the mp-MRI model, the mixed model has the best diagnostic efficiency.To evaluate the effect of donor-to-recipient sex mismatched (male donor corneas to female recipients) on the incidence of rejection episodes and failures up to 1 year after corneal transplantation. Prospective observational cohort study, with donor corneas randomly assigned and surgeons blind to the sex of donor. A unique eye bank retrieved and selected the donor corneas transplanted in 4 ophthalmic units in patients with clinical indication for primary or repeated keratoplasty for optical reasons, perforating or lamellar, either anterior or posterior. Rejection episode defined as any reversible or irreversible endothelial, epithelial or stromal sign, with or without development of corneal edema, and graft failure as a permanently cloudy graft or a regraft for any reason detected or acknowledged during a postoperative ophthalmic visit at any time up to 1 year after surgery were recorded.156 (28.6%) patients resulted donor-to-recipient gender mismatched for H-Y antigen (male donor to female recipient). During the 12 months follow-up, 83 (14.7%, 95% CI 12.0-17.9) grafts showed at least 1 rejection episode and 17 (3.2%, 95% CI 2.0-5.0) failed after immune rejection, among 54 (9.6%, 95% CI 7.4-12.3) grafts failed for all causes. No significant differences between matched and mismatched patients were found for cumulative incidence of both rejection episodes (15.2% and 13.5%) and graft failures following rejection (3.2% and 2.6%), respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that H-Y matching either is not a predictive factor for rejection or graft failure nor seems to influence incidence of failures on respect to patient's risk category. The lack of influence of donor-to-recipient mismatched on the rate of rejections and graft failures resulting from this study do not support the adoption of donor-recipient matching in the allocation of corneas for transplantation.Methods to estimate bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) basically include histopathology, cytomorphology, and flow cytometry. The present study compares the outcomes of these methods with special focus on the impact of BMPC-specific characteristics on their recovery by either method. Laboratory reports of diagnostic samples from 238 consecutive patients with suspected or known plasma cell disease were retrospectively analyzed. The median (IQR) proportion of BMPC was 30.0% (15.0-70.0%) by histological review (hBMPC), 7.0% (2.0-16.0%) by smear review (sBMPC), and 3.0% (0.8-10.0%) by flow cytometry (fBMPC). The disparity of results between core biopsy and aspirate smear was enhanced in case of poor quality of the smear, increased BM fiber content, higher grade cell atypia, expression of CD56 (all P less then 0.0001), the number of cytogenetic aberrations (P = 0.0002), and abnormalities of the MYC gene (P = 0.0002). Conversely, expression of CD19 and a non-clonal plasma cell phenotype were associated with a lower difference between hBMPC and sBMPC (both P less then 0.
