Jonassenstephansen6756

BACKGROUND Accounting for mortality nearly one in four of human and second highest leading cause of death worldwide. Every year, about 10 million new cancers are diagnosed and causing major health issues in both developing and in developed countries. METHODS A series of new dihydrazones were synthesized and screened for in vitro anticancer activity against three different MDA-MB-231, A546 and MCF7 cell lines and validated by DNA binding and molecular docking approaches. RESULT In the present investigations, synthesized compounds 21, 22, 23 and 24 exhibited potent anticancer activity against tested cancer cell lines and DNA binding study using methyl green comparing to Doxorubicin and ethidium bromide as a positive control respectively. CONCLUSION The Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) showed that the electron withdrawing groups (-Cl, -NO2, -F, and -Br) favored the DNA binding studies and anticancer activity whereas, electron donating groups (-OH and -OCH3) showed moderate activity. In the molecular docking study, binding interactions of the most active compounds 21, 22, 23 and 24 stacked with A-T rich regions of the DNA minor groove by surface binding interactions were confirmed. Further, the tuning of active analogs for targeted therapy was warranted. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment, and they are generally considered to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarized the recent researches on macrophage in the invasiveness and progression of RCC in latest years, and we also introduced and discussed many studies about macrophage in RCC to promote angiogenesis by changing tumor microenvironment and inhibit immune response in order to activate tumor progression. Moreover, macrophage interactes with various cytokines to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and it also promotes tumor stem cell formation and induces drug resistance in progression of RCC. The highlight of this review is to make a summary of the roles of macrophage in the invasion and progression of RCC; at the same time to raise some potential and possible targets for future RCC therapy. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Simvastatin, lovastatin, resuvastatin, pravastatin and cerivastatin belonging to statin family, which are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A. As the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of cholesterol metabolism, statins are classically prescribed to patients as lipid-lowering agents. However, statins also possess several extra bioactivities, which including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-tumor.. Interestingly, the most essential mechanism of these activities is that statins could regulate the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), especially, targeting lymphocytes function associated molecules (LFA)-1, macrophage (Mac)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)-1. Therefore, in this paper, we discussed the regulatory effect of statins on CAMs among different diseases. In addition, we provided a speculation for the role of statins in treating orthopedic disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.In contrast to their almost unlimited potential for expansion in vivo and despite years of dedicated research and optimization of expansion protocols, the expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in vitro remains remarkably limited. Increased understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in maintenance, expansion and differentiation of HSCs will enable the development of better protocols for expansion of HSCs. This will allow procurement of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential and a better understanding of the effects of the external influences in and on the hematopoietic niche that may affect HSC function. During collection and culture of HSCs, the cells are exposed to suboptimal conditions that may induce different levels of stress and ultimately affect their self-renewal, differentiation and long-term engraftment potential. Some of these stress factors include normoxia, oxidative stress, extra-physiologic oxygen shock/stress (EPHOSS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, replicative stress, and stress related to DNA damage. selleck chemicals Coping with these stress factors may help reduce the negative effects of cell culture on HSC potential, provide a better understanding of the true impact of certain treatments in the absence of confounding stress factors. This may facilitate the development of better ex vivo expansion protocols of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential without induction of stem cell exhaustion by cellular senescence or loss of cell viability. This review summarizes some of available strategies that may be used to protect HSCs from culture-induced stress conditions. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.OBJECTIVE This is a systematic review about the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on stem cells differentiation. BACKGROUND DATA In latest studies, several types of stem cells from different sources in the body have been used. These stem cells should be strictly certified and promoted for cell therapies before medical application. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been extensively used in treatment centers and research to promote stem cells differentiation, function and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus databases for abstracts and full text scientific papers from 1989-2019 that reported the applications of LIPUS on stem cell differentiation. Related English language articles were located by the following defined key words low intensity pulsed ultrasound, stem cell, differentiation. Criteria for inclusion in the review were LIPUS with frequencies of 1-3 MHz and pulsed ultrasound intensity of less then 500 mW/cm2. Duration, exposure time, and cell sources were taken into consideration.