Fossmidtgaard3712

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are vulnerable to loss of muscle mass due to several metabolic alterations derived from the uremic syndrome. Reference methods for body composition evaluation are usually unfeasible in clinical settings. Aims To evaluate the accuracy of predictive equations based on bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) and anthropometry parameters for estimating fat free mass (FFM) and appendicular FFM (AFFM), compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in CKD patients. Methods We performed a longitudinal study with patients in non-dialysis-dependent, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplant treatment. FFM and AFFM were evaluated by DXA, BIA (Sergi, Kyle, Janssen and MacDonald equations) and anthropometry (Hume, Lee, Tian, and Noori equations). Low muscle mass was diagnosed by DXA analysis. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman graphic and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate equation accuracy, linear regression analysis to evaluate bias, and ROC curve analysis and kappa for reproducibility. Results In total sample and in each CKD group, the predictive equation with the best accuracy was AFFMSergi (men, n = 137 ICC = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.79-0.96, bias = 1.11 kg; women, n = 129 ICC = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92-0.96, bias = -0.28 kg). AFFMSergi also presented the best performance for low muscle mass diagnosis (men, kappa = 0.68, AUC = 0.83; women, kappa = 0.65, AUC = 0.85). Bias between AFFMSergi and AFFMDXA was mainly affected by total body water and fat mass. None of the predictive equations was able to accurately predict changes in AFFM and FFM, with all ICC lower than 0.5. Conclusion The predictive equation with the best performance to asses muscle mass in CKD patients was AFFMSergi, including evaluation of low muscle mass diagnosis. However, assessment of changes in body composition was biased, mainly due to variations in fluid status together with adiposity, limiting its applicability for longitudinal evaluations.Background The presence of obesity and some cardiometabolic disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence track into adulthood. Intake of dairy products has been shown to be inversely related to adiposity and cardiometabolic variables in youth. However, limited research has examined cardiometabolic disease risk factors following increased dairy product consumption as part of a lifestyle modification intervention in youth with overweight/obesity. This secondary analysis aimed to determine whether 12 weeks of increased dairy consumption, as part of a lifestyle modification program, affects cardiometabolic variables in adolescent females (range 10-18 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI > 85th centile). Methods Participants were randomized into two groups higher dairy intake (RDa; four servings/day [to reflect previous Canada's Food Guide recommendations]; n = 23) or low dairy intake (LDa; 0-2 servings/day; n = 23). Both RDa and LDa participated in a 12-week, eucaloric, lifestyle modification intervention con correlations were unchanged. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that increased dairy product consumption, as part of a lifestyle modification, weight management intervention, had a neutral effect on cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. Change in dairy product intake did not influence the relationships between change in adiposity and change in cardiometabolic variables. Future research designed to primarily assess the effect of increased dairy product consumption on cardiometabolic disease risk factors in this population is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT#02581813.In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-a novel coronavirus was identified which was quickly distributed to more than 100 countries around the world. There are currently no approved treatments available but only a few preventive measures are available. Among them, maintaining strong immunity through the intake of functional foods is a sustainable solution to resist the virus attack. For this, bioactive compounds (BACs) are delivered safely inside the body through encapsulated food items. Encapsulated food products have benefits such as high stability and bioavailability, sustained release of functional compounds; inhibit the undesired interaction, and high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Several BACs such as ω-3 fatty acid, curcumin, vitamins, essential oils, antimicrobials, and probiotic bacteria can be encapsulated which exhibit immunological activity through different mechanisms. These encapsulated compounds can be recommended for use by various researchers, scientists, and industrial peoples to develop functional foods that can improve immunity to withstand the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the future. Encapsulated BACs, upon incorporation into food, offer increased functionality and facilitate their potential use as an immunity booster. This review paper aims to target various encapsulated food products and their role in improving the immunity system. The bioactive components like antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, omega (ω)-3 fatty acids, lycopene, probiotics, etc. which boost the immunity and may be a potential measure to prevent COVID-19 outbreak were comprehensively discussed. learn more This article also highlights the potential mechanisms; a BAC undergoes, to improve the immune system.Introduction Depression and deficiency in the consumption of micronutrients are a public health problem, especially in the rural population. The deficiency in selenium consumption affects mental health, contributing to the development of major depressive disorders. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate selenium intake and its association with depressive symptoms in farmers in southeastern Brazil. Material and Methods Epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study with 736 farmers aged between 18 and 59. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical condition data. For evaluation of food intake, three 24-h recalls were applied, and for identification of depressive episodes, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was conducted. Results A total of 16.1% (n = 119) of the farmers presented symptoms of major depressive episodes, 5.8% (n = 43) presented symptoms of current depressive episodes, and 10.3% (n = 76) presented symptoms of recurrent major depressive episodes.