Andresenblair1657

plates that were covered by dialysis membrane as an impedance. Among the plant hormone-response mutants tested, the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein3 was confirmed to show no growth reduction after the transfer. The root growth reduction was attenuated in a mutant of MCA1 encoding a Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel and that of WDL5 encoding an ethylene-regulated microtubule-associated protein. We also found that the growth reduction was enhanced in a mutant of BAK1 encoding a co-receptor that pairs with numerous leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases to modulate growth and immunity. These results suggest the root growth reduction in response to mechanical stress involves ethylene-mediated microtubule reorganization and also transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction.

To compare the diagnostic performance of the stretched exponential model to those of other DWI models and transient elastography (TE) and to evaluate the influence of confounding factors on the staging of liver fibrosis.

This retrospective study included 78 consecutive patients who underwent both DWI and TE. The distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and intravoxel heterogeneity index (α) from the stretched exponential model, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), perfusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D

), true diffusion coefficient (D

), and TE were obtained. Associations between imaging parameters and pathological fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis were evaluated using Spearman's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of parameters for fibrosis staging was assessed via the Obuchowski measures.

DDC was the only parameter to differ between F0-1 and F2-3 (p < 0.001) and between F2-3 and F4 (p = 0.013). DDC showed significant correlation with fibrosis (p &stributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) from the stretched exponential model is the most accurate DWI parameter for staging liver fibrosis. • DDC and transient elastography have similar good diagnostic performance for evaluating liver fibrosis. • The stretched exponential DWI model has no confounding effect by steatosis, unlike other DWI models.

To compare image quality and radiation dose between dual-energy subtraction (DES)-based bone suppression images (D-BSIs) and software-based bone suppression images (S-BSIs).

Chest radiographs (CXRs) of forty adult patients were obtained with the two X-ray devices, one with DES and one with bone suppression software. Three image quality metrics (relative mean absolute error (RMAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM)) between original CXR and BSI for each of D-BSI and S-SBI groups were calculated for each bone and soft tissue areas. Two readers rated the visual image quality for original CXR and BSI for each of D-BSI and S-SBI groups. The dose area product (DAP) values were recorded. Paired t test was used to compare the image quality and DAP values between D-BSI and S-BSI groups.

In bone areas, S-BSIs had better SSIM values than D-BSI (94.57 vs. 87.77) but worse RMAE and PSNR values (0.50 vs. 0.20; 20.93 vs. 34.37) (all p < 0.001). In soft tissue areas, S-BSIs harity of soft tissues better than dual-energy subtraction technique in bone suppression images. • Bone suppression software achieves superior image quality for lung lesions than dual-energy subtraction technique in bone suppression images. • Bone suppression software can decrease the radiation dose over the hardware-based image processing technique.

To compare overall survival (OS) and local recurrence (LR) following radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) for very early and early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included. OS and LR at 1 year and 3 years were assessed. OS was reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% credible intervals (CrI) and LR as relative risk (RR) with 95% CrI, to summarize effect of each comparison.

Nineteen studies (3043 patients), including six RCTs and 13 observational studies, met inclusion criteria. For OS at 1 year, as compared to RFA, CA had HR of 0.81 (95% CrI 0.43-1.51), and MWA had HR of 1.01 (95% CrI 0.71-1.43). For OS at 3 years, as compared to RFA, CA had HR of 0.90 (95% CrI 0.48-1.64) and MWA had HR of 1.07 (95% CrI 0.73-1.50). For LR at 1 year, CA and MWA had RR of 0.75 (95% CrI 0.45-1.24) and 0.93 (95% CrI 0.78-1.14), respectively, as compared to RFA. For LR at 3 years, CA and MWA had RR of 0.96 (0.74-1.23) and 0.98 (0.87-1.09), respectively, as compared to RFA. Tazemetostat concentration Overall, none of the comparisons was statistically significant. Age of patients and tumor size did not influence treatment effect.

RFA, MWA, and CA are equally effective for locoregional treatment of very early and early HCC.

• There is no significant difference in the OS and LR (at 1 year and 3 years) following ablation of very early and early HCC with RFA, MWA, and CA. • There was no effect of tumor size on the treatment efficacy. • More RCTs comparing CA with RFA and MWA should be performed.

• There is no significant difference in the OS and LR (at 1 year and 3 years) following ablation of very early and early HCC with RFA, MWA, and CA. • There was no effect of tumor size on the treatment efficacy. • More RCTs comparing CA with RFA and MWA should be performed.

To quantify the heterogeneity of fibrosis boundaries in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using the Gaussian curvature analysis for evaluating disease severity and predicting survival.

We retrospectively included 104 IPF patients and 52 controls who underwent baseline chest CT scans. Normal lungs below - 500 HU were segmented, and the boundary was three-dimensionally reconstructed using in-house software. Gaussian curvature analysis provided histogram features on the heterogeneity of the fibrosis boundary. We analyzed the correlations between histogram features and the gender-age-physiology (GAP) and CT fibrosis scores. We built a regression model to predict diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) using the histogram features and calculated the modified GAP (mGAP) score by replacing DLCO with the predicted DLCO. The performances of the GAP, CT-GAP, and mGAP scores were compared using 100 repeated random-split sets.

Patients with moderate-to-severe IPF had more numerous Gaussian curvatures at the fibrosis boundary, lower uniformity, and lower 10th to 30th percentiles of Gaussian curvature than controls or patients with mild IPF (all p < 0.