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While the increase in the content of cryoglobulins in serum on the third day can be caused by their entry into the circulatory bed from deposition or fixation sites and the development of a secondary immune response. In patients with intestinal anastomosis failure after resection of intestinal segments, cryoglobulinemia rates increased more than 80 mg/l; this indicator could be used as a marker of postoperative complications.Transformational management properties could make the weakest organizations strong with the right and efficient approach build. The aim of this study was to determine the transformational management properties among hospital managers in Gonbad-e-Kavus. In terms of data collection, the present study is an an applied research involving objective and descriptive-analytical surveys. The statistical population includes all staff hospitals that were selected randomly in Gonbad-e-Kavous city. The present study was performed including 7 hospitals and 346 respondents. Castiglion transformational management properties questionnaire (2006) was used to collect the required data, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.946). Based on the findings of the research, 67.3% (233 subjects) of the participants in the study evaluated the transformational management properties of the managers of the hospitals at a good level (with a score of 140. 76 ± 27.76), with Payambar Hospital having the highest (151.57 ± 20.31) and Taleghani Hospital the lowest score (130.22 ± 28.10) attributed to the management properties affecting change management. Based on the findings of the research and the impact of effective transformational management properties among the managers of the understudy hospitals, it is recommended to form all effective management transformational management properties, through founding special educational units and holding classes for hospital managers, in order to form various skills and competencies such as communication skills, skills to influence others, trusting, attention skills, and providing sufficient independence which all play an essential role in the success of managers and pave the ground for the flourishment of transformation and innovation in the hospitals.Flatfoot is a common deformity in the pediatric population and has a multitude of causes. Sometimes, it can be a normal finding in children, and treatment should not be guided only based on the appearance, but rather after thoroughly assessing the patient and the impact it has on the child's daily life. In this paper, we describe the quality of life that the patients are experiencing after the surgical treatment of this pathology. We made a comparison between the most used techniques for correcting flatfoot and insisted on the postoperative comfort of the patient, rehabilitation, and the time it took to get back to their daily routine. The comparison was made between Mosca calcaneal lengthening osteotomy, Grice extraarticular arthrodesis, arthroereisis and triple arthrodesis of the foot. All of the surgeries were performed by the same doctor at "Grigore Alexandrescu" Emergency Hospital for Children in Bucharest. From the data collected, we propose that newer, minimally invasive techniques could be used in treating this pathology in order to help the patient feel better in the postoperative period and avoid some of the complications regularly encountered when using the old techniques.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a multifactorial disease characterized by gene-gene interaction as well as environmental effects. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is proved to be higher in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than in the case of its absence. We aimed to study the genotypes of MDR1 (C3435T) gene polymorphism and its relationship with clinical, instrumental, and laboratory parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All the patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 53 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the second group included 49 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. Temozolomide DNA chemical The COPD assessment test (CAT), 6-minute walk test, BODE integral index, spirometry, and bioimpedansometry were used for examination. Lipid spectrum, carbohydrate metabolism, endothelial functional status, leptin, adiponectin, and serum levels were also determined by means of enzyme immunoassay. Our study results showed no significant difference between the genotypes of the control group of healthy individuals and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. Though, a certain association of this gene polymorphism with clinical findings by CAT-test, specific parameters of carbohydrate (fasting glucose) and lipid metabolism (total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol lipoproteins), endothelial functional state (nitrate/nitrite level) with the minor allele T available was found.Surgery site infection is one of the most common postoperative complications which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and admission costs. It is considered a priority to determine the level of nosocomial infection and its control in reflecting the quality of care. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination after cardiac surgery at a hospital cardiac surgery ward of Besat Hospital, Tehran. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study (2013-2017), 610 patients underwent surgery at the Department of Cardiac Surgery of Besat Hospital. All necessary information such as urine culture, surgical site, histopathologic examination for the diagnosis of microbial contamination and microorganisms were collected from the patient records and inserted in the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25). The incidence of nosocomial infections following cardiac surgery reportedly ranged from 17% to 23%. Accordingly, pneumonia (51.2%) and local infections (22%) were the most common infections in the studied population. The mortality rate in our population was 11.4%. Moreover, 64.3% of the total mortality cases were reported in patients with sepsis. The mean age and duration of admission of patients with catheter infection were significantly higher than other subjects. Given the relatively high prevalence of the infection and its importance, it is necessary to take more serious measures to prevent and control these infections.