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org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8851946) as a simple open-access resource.Seven yeast strains, DMKU VGT1-14T, DMKU VGT1-19T, DMKU-JMGT1-28, DMKU-JMGT1-32, DMKU VGT2-06, DMKU VGT2-19 and DMKU VGT6-14, were isolated from a grease trap in Thailand and two strains, SJ-1 and SN-102 were isolated from the sea surface microlayer in Taiwan. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, these strains represented two novel yeast species of the genus Wickerhamiella. In terms of pairwise sequence similarity, four strains, DMKU VGT1-14, DMKU-JMGT1-32, DMKU VGT6-14 and SN-102, were closely related to Wickerhamiella infanticola NRRL Y-17858T but differed by 13 nucleotide substitutions with one gap (2.46 %) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and 15 nucleotide substitutions with 23 gaps (4.2 %) in the ITS region. The strains DMKU VGT1-19T, DMKU-JMGT1-28, DMKU VGT2-06, DMKU VGT2-19 and SJ-1, differed from the type strain of the most closely related species, Wickerhamiella sorbophila NRRL Y-7921T, by nine nucleotide substitutions with one gap (1.66 %) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and nine nucleotide substitutions with 17 gaps (2.52%) in the ITS region. Hence, the names Wickerhamiella osmotolerans sp. nov. and Wickerhamiella tropicalis sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate these species in the genus Wickerhamiella. The holotypes are W. osmotolerans DMKU VGT1-14T (ex-type strain TBRC 11425=PYCC 8359=CGMCC 2.6179; Mycobank number 833394) and W. tropicalis DMKU VGT1-19T (ex-type strain TBRC 11426=PYCC 8360=CGMCC 2.6180; Mycobank number 833393).Strains 1-1NT and GYSZ_1T were isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of Xiamen, PR China. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped or slightly curved. Strain 1-1NT was non-motile, whereas strain GYSZ_1T was motile by means of one polar flagellum. The temperature, pH and salinity concentration ranges for growth of 1-1NT were 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5.5-8.0 (optimum 7.0) and 0-90 g l-1 NaCl (optimum 50 g l-1), while the growth of GYSZ_1T occurred at 4-45 °C (optimum 33 °C), pH 5.0-8.5 (optimum 6.5) and 5-90 g l-1 NaCl (optimum 20 g l-1). The two novel isolates were obligate chemolithoautotrophs capable of growth using hydrogen, thiosulfate, sulfide or elemental sulfur as the sole energy source, and nitrate, elemental sulfur or molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. The major fatty acids of 1-1NT were C16  1ω7c, C16  0, C18  1ω7c and C18  0, while the predominant fatty acids of strain GYSZ_1T were C16  1ω7c, C16  0, C18  1ω7c and C14  0 3-OH. The DNA G+C contents ofmonas.In today's world, metabolic disorders are much dominant, and among them, diabetes is causing the highest rate of mortality. There is no cure for diabetes, while treatment could be done either by insulin therapy or oral antidiabetic drug. Oral antidiabetic agents target pathogenic factors like receptors, enzymes, genes and proteins involved in diabetes progression. Among them, recently, sodium- glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) have been recognized for their potential to effectively treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus. SGLTs are classified as SGLT-1 and SGLT-2, and among them, SGLT-2 is a major transporter which is involved in glucose reabsorption. Therefore, targeting SGLTs by its inhibitors could be a better choice to control the blood glucose level. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin, and tofogliflozin are known to be SGLT-2 inhibitors. Herein, we discussed the current and future aspects of the development and applications of SGLT-2 inhibitors. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Flavonoids are an important class of phytopharmaceuticals in plants. Naringin (naringenin- 7-O-rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside isolated from folk herbal medicine Exocarpium Citri grandis (called Huajuhong in Chinese). Massive experimental works have been performed on naringin describing its phytochemical, pharmacokinetic, and bioactive properties. Naringin was found to possess multiple pharmacological activities in relieving inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Recently, it has been approved as a potential antitussive and expectorant for clinical trials. SU6656 research buy However, the pharmacokinetic aspects of naringin and its therapeutic potentials in respiratory diseases have not been comprehensively reviewed. The present review provides highlights of naringin with respect to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and its therapeutic effects on cough, phlegm, and pulmonary inflammation. This review would be helpful for the interpretation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naringin in clinical trials. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. Background Based on the biological significance of hederagenin-type saponins found in our previous investigation, a series of new hederagenin derivatives were designed and synthesized. METHODS Their in vitro antiproliferative activities were evaluated against the HepG2 liver cancer cell line and normal cell line L929 by MTT assay. RESULTS The preliminary bioassay results demonstrated that all the tested compounds 1-7 showed potent anti-hepatoma activities, and some compounds exhibited better effects than 5-fluorouracil against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, compound 5 showed a significant antihepatoma activity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 1.88 μM. Besides, all of the tested compounds showed a low cytotoxic effect against the normal cell line L929. CONCLUSION All the compounds 1-7 displayed superior selectivity against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line, and the results suggest that the structural modifications of C ring on the hederagenin backbone are vital for modulating anti-hepatoma activities. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.