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d RHD*09.04, accounting for more than 95% of Caucasians with a serological weak D phenotype, were not found. Our study reaffirms that the distribution of D variant alleles differs between East Asians and Caucasians. Our findings also indicate that some D variants including RHD*01W.33 and RHD*01W.43 are at risk of being mistyped as D-positive by a highly sensitive RhD typing method such as an automated microplate method.

RhD-immunoglobulin (RhIg) prevents anti-D alloimmunisation in D-negative pregnant women when the fetus is D-positive, reducing the incidence of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Manufacturing RhIg is reliant on the limited supply of plasma donations with anti-D antibodies. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) development platforms such as phage display, require blood samples to be collected from anti-D donors, which may be a complicated process. The blood filter chamber (BFC) discarded after an anti-D donor's donation might provide a source of Ig-encoding RNA. This study aims to evaluate whether used BFCs are a suitable source of Ig-encoding RNA for phage display.

Haemonetics PCS2 BFCs were obtained from 10 anti-D donors for total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and amplification of VH and VL IgG sequences for assembly of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). A scFv-phage display library was constructed and 3 rounds of biopanning were performed using D-positive and D-negative red blood cells (RBCs). Posct Ig gene libraries for mAb isolation and discovery via antibody phage display.

Current treatments for several corneal lesions show limited efficacy. Here we report the clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a novel eye drop preparation produced in a public cord blood (CB) bank.

In a multicentre, retrospective, consecutive case study we evaluated 33 patients (46 eyes) unresponsive to conventional treatments who required urgent intervention. The patients were given allogeneic eye drops obtained from cord blood platelet lysate (CBED) to treat severe ocular surface lesions under a compassionate use protocol. The CBED were prepared from CB units donated for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation that did not contain the minimum stem cell dose required for this use. Patients were grouped by acute conditions (neurotrophic ulcers group I; other corneal ulcers group II; corneal burns group III), and chronic conditions (ocular graft-versus-host disease group IV; severe dry eye syndrome group V). The patients received one or two drops of the product to the affected eye four to six times per efficacy in this cohort of patients. These positive results support further studies on CBED from platelet lysate as a novel product of CB banks. A prospective clinical trial in neurotrophic keratitis (NCT03084861) is ongoing to confirm these preliminary data.

Several factors contribute to the manifestation of red blood cell (RBC) storage lesions, with one of the most interesting being the "donor variation effect". Since many haematological characteristics of blood donors are sex-dependent, sex hormones and their age-dependent variation may affect the storage profile of RBCs.

Fresh blood from 200 healthy male and female donors underwent haematological, biochemical and physiological analysis. Three selected groups of donors (men, n=8; pre-menopausal women, n=8; and post-menopausal women, n=4) exhibiting as similar as possible baseline values were recruited for blood donation in leukoreduced CPD/SAGM units. click here RBC indices, haemolysis and propensity for haemolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plasma antioxidant capacity were measured bi-weekly.

Female blood was characterised by lower plasma antioxidant capacity and free haemoglobin (Hb) levels in vivo, in spite of the higher RBC osmotic fragility, compared to male blood. Comparatively low Hb concentration wass of stored RBCs. In addition, menopause seems to promote RBC membrane remodelling, at least during prolonged storage. Our pilot study provides new insights on the different effects on RBC storage lesion according to sex.

Rh antibodies produced by patients receiving Rh-matched RBC units may be associated with inheritance of altered RH alleles or a result of altered Rh epitopes on donor red blood cells (RBC). On this background, our aim was to evaluate unexpected Rh antibodies in Brazilian patients receiving regular transfusions and determine the clinical significance of the alloantibody produced.

We investigated seven patients (5 with sickle cell disease, 1 with myelodysplastic syndrome and 1 with β-thalassaemia) with unexplained Rh antibodies. All patients had complete serological and molecular analyses. A lookback at the donor units transfused to these patients was performed and donors suspected of having Rh variants were recruited for further analysis. Laboratory and clinical findings were used to evaluate the clinical significance of the alloantibodies produced.

The unexpected Rh antibodies found in the patients were not linked to the expression of partial Rh phenotypes according to serological and molecular analyses. Anti-D was found in two patients, anti-C was found in one patient, anti-c was found in one patient and anti-e was found in three patients carrying conventional D, C, c and e antigens respectively. Serological and molecular analyses of donors' samples revealed that six donors whose RBC were transfused to these patients carried partial Rh antigens. Only one anti-e in a patient with β-thalassaemia was autoreactive and could not be explained by RH diversity in his donors. Three of the seven Rh antibodies were associated with laboratory and clinical evidence of a delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction or decreased survival of transfused RBC at first detection.

Our study provides evidence that patients exposed to RBC units from donors with Rh variants may develop antibodies and some of these may be of clinical significance.

Our study provides evidence that patients exposed to RBC units from donors with Rh variants may develop antibodies and some of these may be of clinical significance.

GP.Mur belongs to the GP(B-A-B) hybrid glycophorin family, which is the most common hybrid glycophorin in Southeast Asia. Antibodies against GP.Mur may cause a clinically significant haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) although, so far, not many cases have been reported in mainland China.

Two Chinese women with a history of severe hydrops foetalis were seen in our centre. Alloantibody identification and GYP.Mur genotyping analysis were used for prenatal evaluation. Intrauterine transfusion was performed in two pregnancies in case 1. The features of these two women are described and literature-reported cases of HDFN related to antibodies against GP.Mur are summarised.

The phenotype of both mothers was Mi

- Mur-, while the fathers' was Mi

+ Mur+ with a heterozygous GYP.Mur hybrid gene as determined by a high-resolution melting method of genotyping. In case 1, the antibodies against GP.Mur were detected in the mother's serum and the cord blood of two foetuses. Fortunately, the latest foetus was successfully saved after intrauterine transfusion.