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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co-infection in pregnant women has increased potential for Mother-to-Child Transmission risks of both viruses. The reports on the prevalence and risk factors for HIV and HCV co-infection in pregnancy are limited in Nigeria.
The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infection among pregnant women in Abuja.
A cross-sectional seroprevalence study carried out on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital in Abuja from July 1
to October 31
2016. Patients were recruited consecutively and counselled for HIV and HCV. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and information on potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infections. Blood samples were collected for HIV and HCV screening using rapid test kits following the national testing algorithm. Data generated were analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value ntly associated with history of blood transfusion, presence of tattoo/scarification marks and multiple sexual partners.
Antiseptic hand preparations are routine prior to surgical procedures to reduce microbial load on the operating gloved hands. Two methods of surgical hand preparations available are the antibacterial detergent hand wash and an alcohol-based hand rub.
The aim of the study was to compare quantitatively, the efficacy of the two methods in hand bacterial reductions during elective orthopedic surgeries.
This comparative study was conducted at the orthopedic surgery department of a tertiary health facility.
One-hundred and sixty dominant hands of operating surgeons and nurses involved in forty elective orthopedic surgeries were studied. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the antibacterial detergent hand-washing (HW) or the alcohol-based hand-rubbing (HR) groups. Swab samples were obtained from the hands before and after hand preparations and at the end of surgeries following removal of the operating gloves. These samples were then subjected to culture. The bacterial counts on these were then obtained through an automated colony counter, and the results were expressed in logarithmic values (log
).
The analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 20. The mean results obtained were subjected to an independent
-test analysis with the statistical significance level set at
< 0.05.
Both methods of hand antisepsis showed comparable efficacies in attaining surgical hand hygiene at 1-min postapplication (
= 0.73). HR group, however, showed greater sustained effects during the period of surgeries, though not statistically significant (
= 0.18).
Scrubbing using the HR method is a viable alternative to the HW method during elective orthopedic surgery.
Scrubbing using the HR method is a viable alternative to the HW method during elective orthopedic surgery.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a variant of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) which has been associated with vitamin D (vit-D) deficiency. However, whether vit-D supplementation is linked to reduction of thyroid autoantibodies and improvement of thyroid function is not well characterized. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of vit-D supplementation on possible improvement of thyroid autoantibody titer and thyroid hormone profile in patients with AITD subjects.
Twenty-three patients of HT were given weekly supplementation of 60,000 IU vit-D for 8 weeks followed by once a month for another 4 months. After 6 months of vit-D supplementation, thyroid autoantibody titer (TPO antibody) and thyroid hormone profile was rechecked.
Mean serum vit-D was increased significantly from 15.33 ± 5.71 to 41.22 ± 12.24 ng/mL (normal levels) after supplementation. There was significant increase in thyroid autoantibody titre (from 746.8 ± 332.2 to 954.1 ±4 59.8 IU/ml;
= 0.006) and TSH level (7.23 ± 3.16 to 3.04 ± 2.62 (mIU/L);
= 0.01) following 6 months of vit-D supplementation.
Vitamin-D levels were low in AITD patients in eastern India and, its supplementation in HT patients increased thyroid antibody titer and there was significant reduction in serum TSH and increased in free T4.
Vitamin-D levels were low in AITD patients in eastern India and, its supplementation in HT patients increased thyroid antibody titer and there was significant reduction in serum TSH and increased in free T4.
The West African Health Organization (WAHO) is vigorously supporting evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) in the countries of West Africa. EIPM is increasingly recognized as one of the key strategies that can contribute to health systems strengthening and the improvement of health outcomes. The purpose of this rapid review is to examine two key examples of evidence-based strategies used to successfully implement health interventions in each of the West African countries and to highlight the lessons learned.
A rapid review technique, defined as a type of knowledge synthesis in which systematic review processes are accelerated and methods are streamlined to complete the review more quickly, was used. A PubMed search was conducted using the combination of the following keywords Health, policy making, evidence, plus name of each of the 15 countries to identify studies that described the process of use of evidence in policymaking in health interventions. Two examples of the publications that fulfilled the stuvocated.[This retracts the article on p. 384 in vol. 9, PMID 26712979.].Acute postoperative sialadenitis, called "anesthesia mumps," has been reported in different surgical procedures. It is usually benign in nature, and the swelling resolves spontaneously without any treatment in the majority of cases. Triciribine The attending physician should be aware of this transient condition. Very rarely, serious complications can occur such as respiratory distress warranting urgent intervention. We report a case of acute transient sialadenitis in a 6-year-old child who underwent general anesthesia for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which resolved spontaneously without any treatment.
