Gadethrane8620

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine sleep patterns of adolescents attending school on alternating morning and afternoon schedules and to explore the contribution of sleep characteristics on the afternoon schedule to prediction of adolescents' daytime functioning. METHODS The Croatian adaptation of the School Sleep Habits Survey for a two-shift school system was completed by 2033 students (11-18 years old, 54% females) whose school start times alternated weekly between 0800 and 1400. RESULTS All age groups of adolescents reported delayed sleep when on the school week with an afternoon schedule as compared to a morning schedule. The average delay of bedtime was 36 minutes, and delay of wake-up time 121 minutes, which resulted in average sleep durations from 9.80h in 11-year olds to 8.39h in 18-year olds. Having more delayed wake-up times on the afternoon schedule predicted more substance use and poorer grades. Having more delayed bedtimes predicted poorer grades, but also predicted less depressed mood. Obtaining relatively longer sleep on afternoon schedule predicted lower sleepiness, less depressed mood and less frequent substance use. CONCLUSIONS The afternoon school start time enables sleep duration that is in line with adolescent sleep biology and contributes positively to daytime functioning. In many cases a large delay in wake-up time is observed. At least part of that delay is not associated with adolescents' circadian biology and contributes negatively to some indices of their daytime functioning. Further research of factors associated with extreme delays of sleep and/or interventions that could limit extreme sleep irregularity is required. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. click here All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.The Dobzhansky-Muller model provides a widely accepted mechanism for the evolution of reproductive isolation incompatible substitutions disrupt interactions between genes. To date, few candidate incompatibility genes have been identified, leaving the genes driving speciation mostly uncharacterized. The importance of interactions in the Dobzhansky-Muller model suggests that gene coexpression networks provide a powerful framework to understand disrupted pathways associated with postzygotic isolation. Here, we perform Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to infer gene interactions in hybrids of two recently diverged European house mouse subspecies, Mus mus domesticus and M. m. musculus, which commonly show hybrid male sterility or subfertility. We use genome-wide testis expression data from 467 hybrid mice from two mapping populations F2s from a laboratory cross between wild-derived pure subspecies strains and offspring of natural hybrids captured in the Central Europe hybrid zone. This large data set enabled us to build a robust consensus network using hybrid males with fertile phenotypes. We identify several expression modules, or groups of coexpressed genes, that are disrupted in subfertile hybrids, including modules functionally enriched for spermatogenesis, cilium and sperm flagellum organization, chromosome organization and DNA repair, and including genes expressed in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Our network-based approach enabled us to hone in on specific hub genes likely to be influencing module-wide gene expression and hence potentially driving large-effect Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities. A disproportionate number of hub genes lie within sterility loci identified previously in the hybrid zone mapping population, and represent promising candidate barrier genes and targets for future functional analysis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.BACKGROUND Depression is a debilitating condition that affects the individual and the family. OBJECTIVE This study sought to identify potential reciprocal influences between family arguments and depressive symptoms among clinically depressed patients over a 23-year span. METHODS The present study employed a longitudinal, observational design with 424 depressed patients. Separate cross-lagged path models examined longitudinal associations for women and men over 23 years while adjusting for age, income, and marital and parental status. RESULTS Among depressed men, more severe baseline depressive symptoms predicted more family arguments 10 years later. Among depressed women, more severe baseline depressive symptoms predicted fewer family arguments 1 year later, while more severe depressive symptoms at 10-year follow-up predicted more family arguments at 23-year follow-up. More family arguments predicted more severe depressive symptoms among women and men, with some variation in the time intervals of these associations. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that while depressive symptoms may temporarily diminish family arguments among women, such symptoms were associated with more family arguments over longer time intervals. Moreover, family arguments put depressed men and women at risk for more severe depressive symptoms. These results support the use of screening for family arguments and interventions to help depressed individuals develop skills to manage interpersonal conflict. Published by Oxford University Press 2019.In nature, plants are often subjected to periods of recurrent environmental stress that can strongly affect their development and productivity. To cope with these conditions, plants can remember a previous stress, which allows them to more efficiently respond to a subsequent one, a phenomenon known as priming. This ability can be maintained at the somatic level for a few days or weeks after the stress is perceived, suggesting that plants can store information of a past stress during this recovery phase. While the immediate responses to a single stress event have been extensively studied, knowledge on priming effects and how stress memory is stored is still scarce. At the molecular level, memory of a past condition often involves changes in chromatin structure and organization, which may be maintained independently from transcription. In this review we will summarize the most recent developments in the field and discuss how different levels of chromatin regulation contribute to priming and plant abiotic stress memory.