Perrybowen4263

OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics of patients in a Fangcang Hospital. METHODS Non-critically ill individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests admitted between 7 February and 12 February 2020 to Dongxihu Fangcang Hospital, which was promptly constructed because of the rapid, exponential increase in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, were included; clinical course through to 22 February was recorded. RESULTS A total of 1012 non-critically ill individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests were included in the study. Thirty (of 1012, 3.0%) individuals were asymptomatic on admission. During hospitalization, 16 of 30 (53.3%) asymptomatic individuals developed different symptoms. Fourteen of 1012 patients (1.4%) remained asymptomatic from exposure to the end of follow up, with a median duration of 24 days (interquartile range 22-27). Fever (761 of 1012, 75.2%) and cough (531 of 1012, 52.4%) were the most common symptoms. Small patchy opacities (355 of 917, 38.7%) and ground-glass opacities (508 of 917, 55.4%) were common imaging manifestations in chest CT scans. One hundred patients (9.9%) were transferred to designated hospitals due to aggravation of illness. Diarrhoea emerged in 152 of 1012 patients (15.0%). Male, older age, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chills, dyspnoea, So2 value of ≤93%, white blood cell counts of >10 × 109/L and large consolidated opacities on CT images were all risk factors for aggravation of illness. CONCLUSIONS Non-critically ill individuals had different clinical characteristics from critically ill individuals. Asymptomatic infections only accounted for a small proportion of COVID-19. Although with a low incidence, diarrhoea was observed in patients with COVID-19, indicating the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. Although the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a vital role in neuropathic pain-related aversion, the underlying mechanisms haven't been fully studied. The mesolimbic dopamine system encodes reward and aversion, and participates in the exacerbation of chronic pain. Therefore, we investigated whether the ACC modulates aversion to neuropathic pain via control of the mesolimbic dopamine system, in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve. Using anterograde and retrograde tracings, we confirmed that a subgroup of ACC neurons projected to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which are two crucial nodes of the mesolimbic dopamine system. Combining electrophysiology in juvenile rats 7 days post-CCI, we found that the NAc/VTA-projecting neurons were hyperexcitable after CCI. Chemogenetic inhibition of these projections induced conditioned place preference in young adult rats 10-14 days post-CCI, without modulating the evoked pain threshold, whereas activation of these projections in sham rats mimicked aversive behavior. Furthermore, the function of the ACC projections was probably mediated by NAc D2-type medium spiny neurons and VTA GABAergic neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that projections from the ACC to the NAc and VTA mediate neuropathic pain-related aversive behavior. Sleep plays a critical role in the process of memory consolidation. In particular, during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep, slow-oscillations, spindles, hippocampal sharp wave ripples, and their phase coupling, are involved in the process of transferring and consolidating information recently encoded and temporarily stored in the hippocampus into long-term memory stored in the neocortex. There is evidence that aging and neurodegenerative conditions, in particular Alzheimer's disease, are associated with changes to this transient grouping of NREM oscillations. Therefore, methods to enhance sleep, particularly slow wave sleep, have the potential to improve cognitive performance. DL-Thiorphan Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation have been shown useful to enhance sleep slow-waves and sleep-dependent memory consolidation, however there is need for more information regarding proper protocols of application, and applicability and efficacy in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. Acoustic stimulation during sleep has been proven particularly effective in enhancing sleep slow-waves and spindles with associated improvement in overnight memory consolidation. More importantly, preliminary data indicate that similar results can be achieved in healthy older adults and those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Studies are needed to optimize the modalities of acoustic stimulation during sleep, which may vary based on age group or clinical disorder. Overall, non-invasive techniques of neurostimulation may represent a valid approach to mitigate cognitive decline associated with aging and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, they offer the unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the physiology behind sleep-dependent memory consolidation. BACKGROUND Paraovarian/paratubal cysts constitute 5-20% of all adnexal lesions and typically originate from the paramesonephric or Müllerian duct. The primary epithelial tumors arising from paraovarian cysts account for 25% of the cases, but giant cystadenomas of paraovarian origin are extremely uncommon during childhood and adolescence with very few cases reported in the literature. CASE We present the case of a 15-year-old female that presented with a bulky mass in the abdomen and pelvis. An initial clinical and radiological examination indicated an ovarian cyst measuring ∼25x20 cm. However, explorative laparotomy revealed a giant paratubal cyst that was successfully treated with complete excision using fertility-sparing surgery. Histopathological examination was consistent with a serous cystadenoma. The postoperative course was uneventful and the girl was discharged on the seventh postoperative day. At the follow-up of six months, the patient was doing well. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Due to their rarity and enormous size, the proper diagnosis and adequate management of giant paratubal cystadenomas are challenging. A complete excision of cystadenoma with preservation of adnexa represents a desirable treatment modality in adolescent females and should be attempted whenever possible.