Kornumedmondson4669
83 V vs. RHE and 5.5 mA cm-2, respectively, which are comparable to those of commercial Pt/C.
Bile salts (BS) are biosurfactants released into the small intestine, which play key and contrasting roles in lipid digestion they adsorb at interfaces and promote the adsorption of digestive enzymes onto fat droplets, while they also remove lipolysis products from that interface, solubilising them into mixed micelles. Small architectural variations on their chemical structure, specifically their bile acid moiety, are hypothesised to underlie these conflicting functionalities, which should be reflected in different aggregation and solubilisation behaviour.
The micellisation of two BS, sodium taurocholate (NaTC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC), which differ by one hydroxyl group on the bile acid moiety, was assessed by pyrene fluorescence spectroscopy, and the morphology of aggregates formed in the absence and presence of fatty acids (FA) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) - typical lipolysis products - was resolved by small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS) and molecular dynamics simulations. The solubilisation by BS of triacylglycerol-incorporating liposomes - mimicking ingested lipids - was studied by neutron reflectometry and SANS.
Our results demonstrate that BS micelles exhibit an ellipsoidal shape. NaTDC displays a lower critical micellar concentration and forms larger and more spherical aggregates than NaTC. Similar observations were made for BS micelles mixed with FA and MAG. Structural studies with liposomes show that the addition of BS induces their solubilisation into mixed micelles, with NaTDC displaying a higher solubilising capacity.
Our results demonstrate that BS micelles exhibit an ellipsoidal shape. NaTDC displays a lower critical micellar concentration and forms larger and more spherical aggregates than NaTC. Similar observations were made for BS micelles mixed with FA and MAG. Structural studies with liposomes show that the addition of BS induces their solubilisation into mixed micelles, with NaTDC displaying a higher solubilising capacity.Artemisinin (ART) is well known as an antimalarial drug, and it can also be used to treat inflammation as well as cancer. Although many researchers have reported the antitumor activity of ART, most of these studies were investigated in vitro. In addition, ART is sparingly soluble in water, limiting its clinical relevance in drug development. Based on the data from our preliminary study, ART is not cytotoxic at low micromolar concentrations. Thus, we hypothesized that smart nanocarriers are beneficial for not only increasing the solubility of ART but also elevating the concentration of the drug at the target, thereby inducing the ideal antitumor effect. In this article, a reversibly activatable cell-penetrating peptide ((HE)10-G5-R6 or HE-R6) was introduced to modify artemisinin (ART)-loaded liposomes (ART-Lip-HE-R6) against tumors, and in vitro and in vivo performance were investigated. ART-Lip-HE-R6 exhibited sustained release under different pH conditions. The internalization and cytotoxicity of liposomes were enhanced at low pH, i.e., 6.5, after modification with HE-R6 versus nonmodified liposomes. Moreover, a longer retention time in tumors could be observed in the ART-Lip-HE-R6 group, followed by higher efficiency of tumor suppression. In conclusion, Lip-HE-R6 might be a promising delivery system for ART in cancer therapy.The development of robust, stain-resistant, and self-healing liquid-repellent surfaces is a common aspiration of both consumer and industrial applications, but the existing methods suffer from limitations, such as complicated procedures, weak mechanical durability and substrate dependency. selleck chemicals llc In this work, a lubricant-grafted slippery surface (LGSS) was prepared by grafting vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (Vi-PDMS) onto various substrates coated with sulfhydryl-modified hollow mesoporous silica (SH-HMS) through a thiol-ene click reaction. The uniform and intact lubricant layer can effectively decrease the absorption of the polysaccharide and protein, exhibiting superior antifouling properties. Notably, the hollow structure of SH-HMS could significantly increase the oil grafting capacity of the slippery surface from 0.013 g/cm2 to 0.027 g/cm2 compared with the surface constructed by solid silica. By virtue of the strong covalent bond forces between the lubricant oil and surfaces, the obtained LGSS exhibited robust liquid repellency when subjected to high/low temperature, ultraviolet irradiation and water impact. Moreover, the liquid-repellent LGSS exhibited good self-repairing performance owing to the directional migration of the Vi-PDMS chain segment from the hollow capsule to the surface through the mesoporous channels under heating treatment. Therefore, such a newly developed strategy for constructing liquid-repellent coatings on various substrates with self-repairing properties has the potential to promote the advancement of interfacial antifouling materials and exhibit tremendous potential for consumer and industrial applications.
Grafted poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (POEGMA) copolymer brushes change conformation in response to temperature ('thermoresponse'). In the presence of different ions the thermoresponse of these coatings is dramatically altered. These effects are complex and poorly understood with no all-inclusive predictive theory of specific ion effects. As natural environments are composed of mixed electrolytes, it is imperative we understand the interplay of different ions for future applications. We hypothesise anion mixtures from the same end of the Hofmeister series (same-type anions) will exhibit non-additive and competitive behaviour.
The behaviour of POEGMA brushes, synthesised via surface-initiated ARGET-ATRP, in both single and mixed aqueous electrolyte solutions was characterised with ellipsometry and neutron reflectometry as a function of temperature.
In mixed fluoride and chloride aqueous electrolytes (salting-out ions), or mixed thiocyanate and iodide aqueous electrolytes (salting-in ionr chains.
