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Furthermore, we evaluated the proposed force-to-displacement method to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of adaptable constant force tracking. Finally, we conducted phantom and volunteer experiments to verify the feasibility of the method on a real system.

The experiments indicated that our approaches were stable and feasible in the autonomic and accurate control of the US probe.

The proposed system has potential application value in the image-guided surgery and robotic surgery.

The proposed system has potential application value in the image-guided surgery and robotic surgery.

To investigate the effect of motivation on improvements in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment.

This retrospective cohort study included 358 consecutive subacute stroke patients with first-ever stroke and Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤23 at admission. We determined motivation and rehabilitation outcome using the vitality index and FIM-motor gain, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors at admission related to FIM-motor gain.

Of 80 participants enrolled in this study (mean age 74.2±11.3years). The median (interquartile range) vitality index at admission and FIM-motor gain were 7 (4) and 23 (22) points, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age (B, -0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.65-(-0.21); β, -0.31;

.001), duration from stroke onset to admission (B, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.33-(-0.04); β, -0.20;

.014) and Stroke Impairment Assessment Set-motor function (B, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.92-1.61; β, 0.78;

<.001), FIM-motor (B, -0.80; 95% CI, -1.01-(-0.60); β, -0.95;

<.001), and vitality index (B, 3.79; 95% CI, 2.37-5.21; β, 0.50;

<.001) scores at admission were significantly associated with the FIM-motor gain.

The vitality index was significantly associated with FIM improvement in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment.

The vitality index was significantly associated with FIM improvement in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment.Online supplemental material is available for this article.Refractory ascites is a costly and debilitating condition that occurs most frequently in the setting of substantial cirrhotic portal hypertension, where it portends a poor prognosis. Many treatment options are available, among them medical management, serial large volume paracenteses, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, and implanted drainage devices. Although the availability of multiple therapies ensures that most patients will achieve satisfactory results, it can be challenging for the provider to select the appropriate treatment for each specific patient. This article reviews the available therapeutic options for refractory ascites and incorporates available data and clinical experience to suggest a linear stepwise management approach to enhance patient outcomes.Background Little is known about the long-term lung radiographic changes in patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially those with severe disease. Purpose To prospectively assess pulmonary sequelae and explore the risk factors for fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6-month follow-up chest CT of survivors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods A total of 114 patients (80 [70%] men; mean age, 54 years ± 12) were studied prospectively. Initial and follow-up CT scans were obtained a mean of 17 days ± 11 and 175 days ± 20, respectively, after symptom onset. Lung changes (opacification, consolidation, reticulation, and fibrotic-like changes) and CT extent scores (score per lobe, 0-5; maximum score, 25) were recorded. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of their 6-month follow-up CT scan those with CT evidence of fibrotic-like changes (traction bronchiectasis, parenchymal bands, and/or honeycombing) (group 1) and those without CT evidence of fibrP = .02), and total CT score of 18 or more (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.2, 14; P = .02) at initial CT as independent predictors for fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6 months. Conclusion Six-month follow-up CT showed fibrotic-like changes in the lung in more than one-third of patients who survived severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. These changes were associated with an older age, acute respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stays, tachycardia, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and higher initial chest CT score. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Wells et al in this issue.Background Workloads in radiology departments have constantly increased over the past decades. The resulting radiologist fatigue is considered a rising problem that affects diagnostic accuracy. Purpose To investigate whether data mining of quantitative parameters from the report proofreading process can reveal daytime and shift-dependent trends in report similarity as a surrogate marker for resident fatigue. Materials and Methods Data from 117 402 radiology reports written by residents between September 2017 and March 2020 were extracted from a report comparison tool and retrospectively analyzed. selleck chemicals Through calculation of the Jaccard similarity coefficient between residents' preliminary and staff-reviewed final reports, the amount of edits performed by staff radiologists during proofreading was quantified on a scale of 0 to 1 (1 perfect similarity, no edits). Following aggregation per weekday and shift, data were statistically analyzed by using simple linear regression or one-way analysis of variance (significan weekend shifts) and with the arrival of a rested resident during overlapping on-call shifts. Conclusion Decreases in report similarity over the course of workdays and workweeks suggest aggravating effects of fatigue on residents' report writing performances. Periodic breaks within shifts potentially foster recovery. © RSNA, 2021.Background Right ventricular (RV) extracellular volumes (ECVs), as a surrogate for histologic fibrosis, have not been sufficiently investigated. Purpose To evaluate and compare RV and left ventricular (LV) ECVs obtained with dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT) in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and investigate the clinical importance of RV ECV. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on data from 31 patients with CTEPH (17 were not treated with pulmonary endarterectomy [PEA] or balloon pulmonary angioplasty [BPA] and 14 were) and eight control subjects who underwent myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) DLCT from January 2019 to June 2020. The ECVs in the RV and LV walls were calculated by using iodine density as derived from spectral data pertaining to MDE. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way repeated analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Steel-Dwass test and linear regression analysis. Results The PEA- and BPA-naive group showed significantly higher ECVs than the PEA- or BPA-treated group and control group in the septum (28.