Mckenzieqvist1724

Multivariate analysis showed that tumour resection degree, bone invasive range, and tumour diameter were independent risk factors for BIPA regrowth.

BIPAs have the characteristics of high surgical risk, low GTR rate and high recurrence rate. There was a significant correlation between bone invasive range and sex, tumour volume and tumour regrowth in BIPAs. Sunitinib Bone invasive range is an independent risk factor for BIPA regrowth.

BIPAs have the characteristics of high surgical risk, low GTR rate and high recurrence rate. There was a significant correlation between bone invasive range and sex, tumour volume and tumour regrowth in BIPAs. Bone invasive range is an independent risk factor for BIPA regrowth.

The aim of this study was to describe the self-reported injury, training, and running technique choices of regular runners in four international regions.

756 participants began an expert derived self-report online survey in Ireland, USA, Hong Kong and Australia.

325 participants completed the survey (age=38±10 years; weight=68.0±13.1kg; height=1.70±0.10m).

Descriptive statistics are reported examining injury incidence and location; shoe and orthosis choices; and training and technique practices. A backwards logistic regression was implemented to examine associations between injury and training choices.

68.3% reported having an injury in the last year. 81.45% of these injuries were believed to be running related. A large variation in training and footwear choices were observed for respondents. The regression (P≤0.001) explained 20% of the variance in injury selection (Nagelkerke R

) and was able to identify 73% of cases accurately. Associated injury factors included competitive running, running on more than one surface, younger age, having a lower running age, and a higher proportion of running at an easy intensity.

The high amount of variability in runner's choices highlights the lack of consistent information being presented to them and may be the reason for the high injury incidence.

The high amount of variability in runner's choices highlights the lack of consistent information being presented to them and may be the reason for the high injury incidence.

The spinal meninges play a mechanical protective role for the spinal cord. Better knowledge of the mechanical behavior of these tissues wrapping the cord is required to accurately model the stress and strain fields of the spinal cord during physiological or traumatic motions. Then, the mechanical properties of meninges along the spinal canal are not well documented. The aim of this study was to quantify the elastic meningeal mechanical properties along the porcine spinal cord in both the longitudinal direction and in the circumferential directions for the dura-arachnoid maters complex (DAC) and solely in the longitudinal direction for the pia mater. This analysis was completed in providing a range of isotropic hyperelastic coefficients to take into account the toe region.

Six complete spines (C0 - L5) were harvested from pigs (2-3 months) weighing 43±13kg. The mechanical tests were performed within 12h post mortem. A preload of 0.5N was applied to the pia mater and of 2N to the DAC samples, followed by 30 preconditioning cycles. Specimens were then loaded to failure at the same strain rate 0.2mm/s (approximately 0.02/s, traction velocity/length of the sample) up to 12mm of displacement.

The following mean values were proposed for the elastic moduli of the spinal meninges. Longitudinal DAC elastic moduli 22.4MPa in cervical, 38.1MPa in thoracic and 36.6MPa in lumbar spinal levels; circumferential DAC elastic moduli 20.6MPa in cervical, 21.2MPa in thoracic and 12.2MPa in lumbar spinal levels; and longitudinal pia mater elastic moduli 18.4MPa in cervical, 17.2MPa in thoracic and 19.6MPa in lumbar spinal levels.

The variety of mechanical properties of the spinal meninges suggests that it cannot be regarded as a homogenous structure along the whole length of the spinal cord.

The variety of mechanical properties of the spinal meninges suggests that it cannot be regarded as a homogenous structure along the whole length of the spinal cord.In infantile Alexander disease (iAxD), one of the serious symptoms is intractable epilepsy, and some reports have suggested that neuroinflammation may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Drug-resistant seizures adversely affect not only the quality of life of the caregivers and patients, but also patients' lifespan. Thus, controlling epilepsy is clinically important. For intractable childhood epilepsy, ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is well-established, but its effects on iAxD have not been characterized. Here, we describe the use of KDT in three iAxD patients experiencing drug-resistant seizures. In all three cases, the formerly intractable epilepsies were well controlled by KDT. However, the brain magnetic resonance imaging findings deteriorated even after the epilepsy was controlled. In addition, the concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients remained still high. KDT is effective in controlling epilepsy in iAxD. Our results clinically support previous reports arguing the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of iAxD.　Although KDT cannot prevent disease progression, earlier initiation might contribute to a better prognosis.

Apoptotic cells participate in maintenance of homeostasis of the adaptive immune system. Granulocyte/monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) performed with an Adacolumn has been shown to have clinical efficacy together with immunomodulatory effects for immune-mediated disorder cases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or psoriatic arthritis. Although induction of apoptosis in neutrophils by GMA has been observed, the detailed mechanism remains unclear.

To focus on phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) that induces apoptotic neutrophils, a comparative study utilizing a GMA-carrier (leukocyte adsorbing carrier for Adacolumn) and yeast particles was performed with in vitro and in vivo examinations.

L-selectin was significantly (P=0.0133) shed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was promoted (P=0.0019), and apoptosis induction was enhanced (P=0.0087) by peripheral blood co-cultured with the GMA-carrier or yeast particles as compared to incubated blood alone. Furthermore, degranulation of myeloperoxidase, elastase, and lactoferrin was increased by both treatments, while the highest level of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist release was found with GMA-carrier treatment (P=0.