Quinlanroach5145

In vivo studies demonstrate that the co-delivery of NO and Ptx can suppress primary tumor growth. With the ability to effectively inhibit activated platelets and TGF-β secretion in tumors, Ptx@AlbSNO can enhance intratumoral immune cell infiltration to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.A mechanistic understanding of the growth of multiply twinned nanoparticles (MTPs), such as decahedra (Dh) and icosahedra (Ih), is crucial for precisely controlled syntheses and applications. Despite previous successes, no consensus has been reached regarding the multiple competing growth pathways for MTPs proposed thus far, in part due to the lack of information about their nucleation and growth dynamics. Here, we used decahedral and icosahedral gold nanoparticles as a model system in conjunction with in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) to investigate the nucleation and growth dynamics of MTPs in aqueous solution; two growth pathways were successfully identified (A) nucleation-based layer-by-layer growth from a rounded multiply twinned seed and (B) the successive twinning and growth of tetrahedra. The LCTEM results enabled us to directly and conclusively identify the growth behaviors of intermediate products. The internal strain relaxation mechanisms and growth kinetics differ for the two pathways in pathway A, a MTP grew by the opening and closing of re-entrant grooves at the twin boundaries, which was not found in pathway B. We also analyzed different MTP growth pathways from an energetic perspective and discussed how the preferred pathway (A or B) is related to factors, such as the initial seed yield and the size- and morphology-dependent formation of MTPs. Our results contextualize the current understanding of MTP formation mechanisms and provide insightful guidance for the precisely controlled synthesis of MTPs for practical applications.Although the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) is a promising material for use in the production of high electrical conductivity (σ) polymer nanocomposites, its tendency to aggregate and distribute randomly in a polymer matrix is a problematic issue. In the current study, we developed a highly conductive and monoclinically aligned MWNT-polyamide 6 (PA) nanocomposite containing interfacing flavin moieties. selleck chemicals llc In this system, the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) initially serves as a noncovalent aqueous surfactant for individualizing MWNTs in the form of FMN-wrapped MWNTs (FMN-MWNT), and then partially decomposed FMN (dFMN) induces crystallization of the PA on the MWNTs. The results of experiments performed using material subjected to partial dissolution of PA matrix show that the nanocomposite PA-dFMN-MWNT, formed by melt extrusion of PA and dFMN-MWNT, contains a three-dimensional monoclinic MWNT network embedded in an equally monoclinic PA matrix. An increase in monoclinic network promoted by an increase in the content of MWNT increases σ of the nanocomposite up to 100 S/m, the highest value reported for a polymer-MWNT nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction along with transmission electron microscopy reveal that the presence of dFMN induces the formation of monoclinic PA on dFMN-MWNT. The high σ of the PA-dFMN-MWNT nanocomposite is also a consequence of a minimization of defect formation of MWNT by noncovalent functionalization. Hierarchical structural ordering, yet individualization of MWNTs, provides a viable strategy to improve the physical property of nanocomposites.Room-temperature manipulation and processing of information encoded in the electronic valley pseudospin and spin degrees of freedoms lie at the heart of the next technological quantum revolution. In atomically thin layers of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with hexagonal lattices, valley-polarized excitations and valley quantum coherence can be generated by simply shining with adequately polarized light. In turn, the polarization states of light can induce topological Hall currents in the absence of an external magnetic field, which underlies the fundamental principle of opto-valleytronics devices. However, demonstration of optical generation of valley polarization at room temperature has remained challenging and not well understood. Here, we demonstrate control of strong valley polarization (valley quantum coherence) at room temperature of up to ∼50% (∼20%) by strategically designing Coulomb forces and spin-orbit interactions in atomically thin TMDs via chalcogenide alloying. We show that tailor making the carrier density and the relative order between optically active (bright) and forbidden (dark) states by key variations on the chalcogenide atom ratio allows full control of valley pseudospin dynamics. Our findings set a comprehensive approach for intrinsic and efficient manipulation of valley pseudospin and spin degree of freedom toward realistic opto-valleytronics devices.Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the main challenges facing Li-ion technology because the insulating nature of sulfur and the shuttle phenomenon of dissolved lithium polysulfides (LPSs) in liquid electrolytes result in critical problems, including low Coulombic efficiency, loss of active material, and rapid capacity decay. Here, we oxidized delaminated transition metal carbides (MXenes) using CO2 (Oxi-d-MXenes) and used them as both cathode electrode with sulfur and modified separator coated onto the glass fiber without a conductive material and binder to suppress the diffusion of LPSs. Oxi-d-MXenes annealed at 900 °C using CO2 gas formed perfectly converted rutile-TiO2 nanocrystalline particles on their two-dimensional sheets. Li-S batteries fabricated with the Oxi-d-MXenes cathode and the Oxi-d-MXenes-modified separator exhibited high Coulombic efficiency (nearly 99%) and retained a capacity of about 900 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1C. These results were attributed to the chemical and physical adsorption between the Oxi-d-MXenes and the LPSs. Our results imply that Oxi-d-MXenes prepared by the CO2 treatment exhibit physical and electrochemical properties that enhance the performance of Li-S batteries.