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More case reports concerning BCC in the middle ear are needed to determine its appropriate management.Chordomas are the rare malignant bone lesions derived from the embryonic notochord. They are slow-growing tumors with a locally aggressive behavior. The clival chordomas are extradural, exophytic, and lytic lesions centered on the clivus, and are managed differently from those arising elsewhere because of the emphasis on preserving the neurological function. The gold standard for therapy is the complete resection followed by radiation therapy for a better local control of the tumor. This case report concerns a 20-year old girl with an incidental diagnosis of the clival chordoma, which was first treated via an endoscopic anterior approach to remove the exophytic portion of the tumor. The adjuvant radiation therapy was not feasible because of the macroscopic intradural residual tumor being at the level of jugular foramen. The girl was referred to our institute for the removal of the intradural residual tumor via a petro-occipital trans-sigmoid (POTS) approach followed by adjuvant proton beam therapy. N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid cost The choice of the surgical approach depends on the size of the tumor, its location, and its anatomical distribution, but should also be balanced against the morbidity, considering the patient's age, and the feasibility of postoperative rehabilitation.

The goal of this case series was to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of epineurial pseudocysts of the intratemporal facial nerve (EPIFs) and to discuss the relevance in clinical practice.

A retrospective case series of 10 consecutive patients with EPIFs identified through computed tomography (CT), between 2009 and 2018. Morphological characteristics, coexisting pathology, facial nerve function, and evolution over time were analyzed.

A unilateral EPIF was found in 5 patients (50%) and a bilateral EPIF was found in the other 5 (50%). The largest dimensions were observed in the coronal plane, with an average craniocaudal length of 6.0 mm (range, 3-9 mm). None of the patients presented with facial nerve dysfunction. Growth could not be observed in any of the patients. In 5 cases (33.3%), CT imaging showed a reduced transmastoid access to the facial recess caused by the EPIF.

All EPIFs in this study were incidental findings. Facial nerve function was normal in all patients. Knowledge of EPIFs is important to perform safe cholesteatoma and cochlear implant surgery and to prevent unnecessary follow-up imaging.

All EPIFs in this study were incidental findings. Facial nerve function was normal in all patients. Knowledge of EPIFs is important to perform safe cholesteatoma and cochlear implant surgery and to prevent unnecessary follow-up imaging.

To compare the efficiencies of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and intratympanic steroid (ITS)treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearingloss (ISSHL).

A total of 136 patients who were treated for ISSHL were reviewed fromthemedical records. All of the patients were given systemic steroid therapy (SST). Among them,33patients received HBOT and 36 patients received ITS treatment following SST. The starting time to treatment, risk factors, hearing level, hearing gain (HG), and recovery rate were evaluated from retrospectiverecords.

No substantial change in HG was observed for either the HBOT or ITS treatment cohort (p>0.05). But the time to recovery was higher in the ITS treatment cohort (40%) than in theHBOT cohort (17%). The starting time to ITS treatment was 4 days (range 1-30) and that to HBOT was 8 days (range3-30). There was a significant difference in the starting time to treatment (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.043). Also, hearing loss in the HBOT group was significantly higher than in the ITS treatment group. A significant difference was observed before and after ITS treatment (p<0.05).

In patients compared with late-onset treatment, ITS may be more effective than HBO after SST failure. It can be used as salvage therapy in patients with ISSHL who are unresponsive to a primary systemic steroid. We observed that HBOT didnot improve results when it was started late. Therefore, more studies that include both ITS treatment and HBOTas anearly treatment option are needed.

In patients compared with late-onset treatment, ITS may be more effective than HBO after SST failure. It can be used as salvage therapy in patients with ISSHL who are unresponsive to a primary systemic steroid. We observed that HBOT didnot improve results when it was started late. Therefore, more studies that include both ITS treatment and HBOTas anearly treatment option are needed.

Prominent ear is not an uncommon deformity with 5% prevalence in population worldwide. Although there is no physiological handicap in this deformity, it affects the psychology and social integration, especially in children. Many surgical techniques are performed to correct this deformity. In this study, we illustrate a minimally invasive technique in cases of prominent ear and evaluate its efficacy.

A total of 16 patients were operated by incisionless otoplasty in both ears simultaneously. Therefore, 32 ears were included in the study. Postoperative follow-up was carried out for 6 months to determine the efficacy of this technique, complications, and recurrence of the abnormal shape.

Two ears (2/32) were presented with slight protrusion three months postoperatively Three ears had postoperatively exposed sutures that needed to be embedded again under local anesthesia. The satisfaction rate was found to be 88% by the visual analog scale. No perichondritis or other complications occurred postoperatively. The technique results in correction of the deformity without any visible evidence of surgery.

This technique is effective and safe for correction of prominent ear with negligible rate of complications and rapid recovery time.

This technique is effective and safe for correction of prominent ear with negligible rate of complications and rapid recovery time.

Some patients complain of apparent auricle protrusion after chronic otitis media (COM) surgery with the postauricular approach. This study investigates whether auricular protrusion could be restored to the preoperative state after COM surgery; if so, the time needed after surgery and whether the degree of auricular of protrusion differed according to the surgical procedure.

Forty-seven patients who underwent tympanoplasty and canal wall up and canal wall down mastoidectomy between July 2016 and July 2017 were prospectively studied. To examine the degree of auricular protrusion, the longest distance from the head to the helical rim and the distance from the mastoid process to the helical rim in the plane along the level of the upper margin of the tragus were measured 1 day before surgery and 1 day; 2 weeks; and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months, postoperatively.

The superior aspect of the auricle returned to the preoperative state within 2 months of surgery, irrespective of the surgical procedure. The middle aspect was restored to the preoperative state within 4 months of tympanoplasty or canal wall up mastoidectomy, and within 2 months of canal wall down mastoidectomy.