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It is shown that the proposed model gives at least %25 more effective solutions. Moreover, sensitivity analysis on the budget constraint is conducted, and robustness of the model is empirically illustrated.Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are the center of origin and diversity for several root, fruit and nut crops, which are indispensable for food security, rural livelihoods, and cultural identity of local communities. However, declining genetic diversity of traditional food crops and high vulnerability to climate change are major impediments for maintaining agricultural productivity. Limited initiatives to achieve food self-sufficiency and utilization of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) for enhancing resilience of agro-ecosystems are other serious constraints. This review focuses on the visible and anticipated impacts of climate ge, on major food and tree crops in agriculture and agroforestry systems in the PICs. We argue that crop improvement through plant breeding is a viable strategy to enhance food security and climatic resilience in the region. The exploitation of adaptive traits abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, yield and nutritional efficiency, is imperative in a world threatened by climatic extremes. However, the insular constraints of Fiji and other small PICs are major limitations for the utilization of PGR through high throughput techniques which are also cost prohibitive. Crop Improvement programs should instead focus on the identification, conservation, documentation and dissemination of information on unique landraces, community seed banks, introduction of new resistant genotypes, and sustaining and enhancing allelic diversity.This article presents the COVID-19 situation and control measures taken by the Government of Pakistan. Two waves of pandemic are faced globally and similar in the study area. We have investigated the risk management decision in two phases. Primarily, strict lockdown was observed from March 2020 to July 2020 and smart lockdown was enforced from August 2020 to December 2020. It has been studied that during strict lockdown, COVID cases reduced gradually but reopening of institutes and smart lockdown strategy resulted gradual increase in confirmed cases and death rates. During first wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan, a total confirmed number of patients of COVID-19 were 263,496 till 18th of July 2020 with total deaths of 5,568 people and 204,276 recoveries, while total number of COVID-19 patients reached 555,511 till 9th of February 2021 with total deaths of 12,026 people. Province of Sindh was affected badly with total number of 251,434 COVID-19 cases followed by Punjab Province with total number of 161,347 COVID-19 till 9th of February 2020.
Neurofeedback (NFB) has been conceded as a convenient measure for both identifying and remodeling neural pliability of brain cells; it is a mean through which participants can have voluntary control on their brain waves being expressed on the EEG. Forty-two autistic children received a NFB therapy aiming at improving their cognitive abilities.
NFB succeeded to decrease children's high theta/beta ratio by inhibiting theta activity and intensifying beta activity over different sessions. Following therapy, the children's cognitive functions were found to show comparative improvement compared to pre-treatment assessment on a range of different tasks. Auxiliary improvements were found in their social, thought and attention domains.
These findings propose a basic cognitive function impairment in autism spectrum disorder that can be reduced through specific NFB treatment.
These findings propose a basic cognitive function impairment in autism spectrum disorder that can be reduced through specific NFB treatment.Nowadays, in the pharmaceutical industry, a growing concern with sustainability has become a strict consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a lack of good mathematical models in the field. In this research, a production-distribution-inventory-allocation-location problem in the sustainable medical supply chain network is designed to fill this gap. Also, the distribution of medicines related to COVID-19 patients and the periods of production and delivery of medicine according to the perishability of some medicines are considered. In the model, a multi-objective, multi-level, multi-product, and multi-period problem for a sustainable medical supply chain network is designed. Three hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms, namely, ant colony optimization, fish swarm algorithm, and firefly algorithm are suggested, hybridized with variable neighborhood search to solve the sustainable medical supply chain network model. Response surface method is used to tune the parameters since meta-heuristic algorithms are sensitive to input parameters. Six assessment metrics were used to assess the quality of the obtained Pareto frontier by the meta-heuristic algorithms on the considered problems. A real case study is used and empirical results indicate the superiority of the hybrid fish swarm algorithm with variable neighborhood search.
The management of house fly,
has become immensely important to prevent epidemics of many detrimental diseases. In view of this objective, the present study demonstrates the efficacy of lemongrass (LG) and tea tree essential oils (TTEOs) against
. The TTEO proved to be more lethal against larvae and adults of
depicting an LC
at 14.88mg/ dm
which was 17.19mg/ dm
for LGEO. In contrast, pupicidal effect of LGEO was much higher (LD
, 14.49µl/0.25L) as compared to TTEO. The LGEO drastically reduced the total body sugar, glycogen and protein contents by 3.29, 2.95 and 7.56 fold, respectively, contrasting with high influence of TTEO on lipid content of the late 3rd instar larvae. A considerable reduction in gut enzymes secretion was observed due to treatment of EOs thereby altering gut physiology of the insect. click here Moreover, significant inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) was also observed with LGEO at LC
concentration (5.33mg/ml) inhibiting insect neurotransmission. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the LGEO showed 12 major compounds dominated by Citral whereas TTEO contained only 5 major compounds. Further analysis by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed distortion and shrinkage of larval bodies caused by the treatment of EOs. These overall observations brand LG and TT-EOs as potential organic-insecticides against
.
The online version of this article (10.1007/s40011-020-01220-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The online version of this article (10.1007/s40011-020-01220-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
