Faberwalton2924

Intradermal administration of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMWH) in the hind paw induced dose-dependent (0.1, 1, or 10 µg) mechanical hyperalgesia of similar magnitude in male and female rats. However, the duration of LMWH hyperalgesia was greater in females. This sexual dimorphism was eliminated by bilateral ovariectomy and by intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA in females, indicating estrogen dependence. To assess the receptors at which LMWH acts to induce hyperalgesia, LMWH was administered to groups of male and female rats that had been pretreated with ODN antisense (or mismatch) to the mRNA for 1 of 3 hyaluronan receptors, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), toll-like receptor 4, or receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM). Although LMWH-induced hyperalgesia was attenuated in both male and female rats pretreated with ODN antisense for CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 mRNA, RHAMM antisense pretreatment ll as in ovariectomized females. Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan-induced hyperalgesia was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) in male, but not in female rats. selleck inhibitor After gonadectomy or treatment with ODN antisense to GPR30 expression in females, HMWH produced similar attenuation of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia to that seen in males. These experiments identify nociceptors at which LMWH acts to produce mechanical hyperalgesia, establishes estrogen dependence in the role of RHAMM in female rats, and establishes estrogen dependence in the inhibition of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia by HMWH.

Associations between social ties and hypertension are poorly understood in women and men. We investigated the association between marital status, living arrangement, social network size and social participation and hypertension by sex/gender.

Cross-sectional analysis of 28 238 middle-age and old-age adults (45-85 years) was conducted using the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort data. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using the automated BpTRU device and hypertension was defined as BP more than 140/90 mmHg, or more than 130/80 mmHg in participants with diabetes, self-reported history or receiving antihypertensive therapy.

Being nonpartnered, having limited social participation (≤2 social activities per month) or a small social network size was associated with higher odds of having hypertension in women. Odds of hypertension were higher among widowed women [odds ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 1.51)] compared with married women. The largest difference in adjussent at risk groups for having hypertension. Healthcare professionals may need to consider these social factors in addressing risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevention.

To explore interrupters' and interruptees' experiences of interruptions occurring during morning rounds in a PICU in an attempt to understand better how to limit interruptions that threaten patient safety.

Qualitative ethnographic study including observations, field interviews, and in-depth interviews.

A 55-bed PICU in a free-standing, quaternary-care children's hospital.

Attending physicians, fellow physicians, frontline clinicians (resident physicians and nurse practitioners), and nurses working in the PICU.

Data collection occurred in two parts 1) field observations during morning rounds with brief field interviews conducted with participants involved in an observed interruption and 2) in-depth interviews conducted with selected participants from prior field observations.

Data were coded using a constant comparative method with thematic analysis, clustering codes into groups, and subsequently into themes. We observed 11 rounding encounters (17 hr of observation and 48 patient encounters), conduunnecessary interruptions, and optimize information sharing for essential interruptions.

Interrupters and interruptees did not have a shared understanding of the culture of triage within the PICU. Although interrupters attempted to triage interruptions, no formal triage algorithm existed and interruptees did not perceive a triaging culture. Using data from this study, we created a triage algorithm that could inform future studies, potentially decrease unnecessary interruptions, and optimize information sharing for essential interruptions.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ICU delirium in children less than 18 years old that underwent cardiac surgery within the last 30 days. The secondary aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with ICU delirium in postoperative pediatric cardiac surgical patients.

A 1-day, multicenter point-prevalence study of delirium in pediatric postoperative cardiac surgery patients.

Twenty-seven pediatric cardiac and general critical care units caring for postoperative pediatric cardiac surgery patients in North America.

All children less than 18 years old hospitalized in the cardiac critical care units at 0600 on a randomly selected, study day.

Eligible children were screened for delirium using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium by the study team in collaboration with the bedside nurse.

Overall, 181 patients were enrolled and 40% (n = 73) screened positive for delirium. There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographic informatios ratio, 1.35; 1.06-1.73); 3) SBS less than 0 (odds ratio, 4.01; 1.21-13.27); 4) pain medication or sedative administered in the previous 4 hours (odds ratio, 3.49; 1.32-9.28); 5) no progressive physical therapy or ambulation schedule in their medical record (odds ratio, 4.40; 1.41-13.68); and 6) parents not at bedside at time of data collection (odds ratio, 2.31; 1.01-5.31).

We found delirium to be a common problem after cardiac surgery with several important modifiable risk factors.

We found delirium to be a common problem after cardiac surgery with several important modifiable risk factors.

To test the feasibility of collecting reliable and representative data on exposure of Belgian employees to a selection of hazardous chemicals by using a sentinel surveillance method.

In PROBE (Hazardous chemical Products Register for Occupational use in Belgium), 47 occupational physicians were recruited as a sentinel network. Employees answered a web-based survey assessing their past week exposure to 22 chemicals.

47% employees were exposed to at least one chemical. The most frequently reported exposures was to diesel exhaust (14%). The exposed employees were mostly older men, with most exposed during production and manufacturing, and working in smaller companies. For diesel exhaust, wood dust, and crystalline silica, 54%, 32%, and 20% of the exposed employees, did not use collective/personal protective equipment.

Sentinel surveillance is a feasible method for obtaining high-quality data on the exposure of Belgian employees to hazardous chemicals.

Sentinel surveillance is a feasible method for obtaining high-quality data on the exposure of Belgian employees to hazardous chemicals.