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BACKGROUND Intense noxious input from the periphery may result in central sensitization and hyperexcitability, thus accentuating subsequent postoperative pain. Parturients who undergo emergency cesarean section (C-sec) after experiencing labor pain often develop labor pain-induced sensitization. OBJECTIVE This retrospective study evaluated whether parturients without epidural labor analgesia (ELA) who underwent emergency C‑sec, experienced more severe postoperative pain and required more rescue analgesics during the postoperative period. METHODS The institution's medical database was searched for parturients who underwent emergency C‑sec under spinal anesthesia for any reason between January 2013 and December 2016. Those who underwent elective C‑sec under spinal anesthesia were included as the reference arm. Parturients were divided into three groups ELA, no-ELA and elective. Characteristics of patients and perioperative outcomes were evaluated. As primary outcomes, numerical rating scale (NRS) for postoperat. The findings suggest that administration of ELA before emergency C‑sec may act as pre-emptive analgesia against postoperative pain.Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex and is one of several protein assemblies that function cooperatively in photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. As more structural data on PSII become available, new questions arise concerning the nature of the charge separation in PSII reaction center (RC). The crystal structure of PSII RC from cyanobacteria Thermosynechococcus vulcanus was selected for the computational study of conformational changes in photosystem II associated to the charge separation process. The parameterization of cofactors and lipids for classical MD simulation with Amber force field was performed. The parametrized complex of PSII was embedded in the lipid membrane for MD simulation with Amber in Gromacs. The conformational behavior of protein and the cofactors directly involved in the charge separation were studied by MD simulations and QM/MM calculations. This study identified the most likely mechanism of the proton-coupled reduction of plastoquinone QB. After the charge separation and the first electron transfer to QB, the system undergoes conformational change allowing the first proton transfer to QB- mediated via Ser264. After the second electron transfer to QBH, the system again adopts conformation allowing the second proton transfer to QBH-. The reduced QBH2 would then leave the binding pocket.OBJECTIVES Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to community engagement in health (CEH) across Europe. This study aimed to identify and review CEH interventions to promote health and reduce inequalities within the Spanish context and the key facilitators for these community processes. METHODS A systematic search in six databases, followed by a forward citation search, was conducted to identify implementation literature on CEH in Spain. Articles were included when engagement occurred in at least two stages of the interventions and was not limited to information or consultation of stakeholders. RESULTS A total of 2023 results were identified; 50 articles were reviewed full text. Five articles were finally selected for inclusion. Data were extracted on various factors including details of the interventions, results achieved, stakeholders involved and their relationships. A narrative synthesis was performed to present results and support the discussion. CONCLUSIONS Three main points are discussed the role of professionals and citizens in CEH interventions, providing training to enable a reorientation towards a CEH practice and the relevance of contexts as enablers for community engagement processes to thrive.In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitoribosomal RNA of the minor subunit, 15S rRNA, is transcribed as a bicistronic transcript along with tRNAW. 5' and 3' sequences flanking the mature transcript must be removed by cleavage at the respective junctions before incorporating it into the mitoribosome. An in vivo dose-response triphasic system was created to elucidate the role of Ccm1p in the processing of 15S rRNA Ccm1p supply ("On"), deprivation ("Off"), and resupply ("Back on"). After 72 h under "Off" status, the cells started to exhibit a complete mutant phenotype as assessed by their lack of growth in glycerol medium, while keeping their mitochondrial DNA integrity (ρ+). Full functionality of mitochondria was reacquired upon "Back on." 15S rRNA levels and phenotype followed the Ccm1p intramitochondrial concentrations throughout the "On-Off-Back on" course. Under "Off" status, cells gradually accumulated unprocessed 5' and 3' junctions, which reached significant levels at 72-96 h, probably due to a saturation of the mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO). The Ccm1p/mtEXO mutant (Δccm1/Δdss1) showed a copious accumulation of 15S rRNA primary transcript forms, which were cleaved upon Ccm1p resupply. The gene that codes for the RNA component of RNase P was conserved in wild-type and mutant strains. Our results indicate that Ccm1p is crucial in processing the 15S rRNA primary transcript and does not stabilize the already mature 15S rRNA. Consequently, failure of this function in Δccm1 cells results, as it happens to any other unprocessed primary transcripts, in total degradation of 15S rRNA by mtEXO, whose mechanism of action is discussed.Neurospora crassa is an excellent model fungus for studies on molecular genetics, biochemistry, physiology, and molecular cell biology. Along with the rapid progress of Neurospora research, new tools facilitating more efficient and accurate genetic analysis are in high demand. Here, we tested whether the dominant selective makers widely used in yeasts are applicable in N. crassa. Among them, we found that the strains of N. crassa are sensitive to the aminoglycoside antibiotics, G418 and nourseothricin. 1000 μg/mL of G418 or 50 μg/mL of nourseothricin is sufficient to inhibit Neurospora growth completely. this website When the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) used in mammalian cells is expressed, N. crassa shows potent resistance to G418. This establishes G418-resistant marker as a dominant selectable marker to use in N. crassa. Similarly, when the nourseothricin acetyltransferase gene (nat) from Streptomyces noursei is induced by qa-2 promoter in the presence of quinic acid (QA), N. crassa shows potent resistance to nourseothricin.