Mahervalencia6975

Spatially widespread genetic associations of invasive feral swine to European wild boar deviated strongly from historical S. scrofa introduction pressure, which was largely restricted to domestic pigs with infrequent, localized wild boar releases. The deviation between historical introduction pressure and contemporary genetic ancestry suggests wild boar-hybridization may contribute to differential fitness in the environment and heightened invasive potential for individuals of admixed domestic pig-wild boar ancestry. VU661013 © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Plant community responses to global environmental change focus primarily on aboveground vegetation, however, the important role of the seed bank is frequently neglected. Specifically, the direct and indirect effects of changes in temperature and precipitation on seed banks remain poorly understood, yet seed banks provide a vital source of ecosystem resilience to global environmental change. We used a structural equation model to explore the direct and indirect effects of temperature and precipitation, and other biotic and abiotic factors, on soil seed bank community composition using 1026 soil seed bank samples from 57 sites along an elevation gradient that served as a space-for-time substitution for changing climate in the Tibetan Plateau. Seed bank richness was negatively correlated with both precipitation and temperature, but neither climate factor affected seed bank density. Temperature was also negatively correlated with vegetation species richness, which was positively correlated with seed bank richnessfects of aboveground vegetation and belowground biotic and abiotic factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Withdrawal is a serious and sometimes life-threatening event in alcohol-dependent individuals. It has been suggested that epigenetic processes may play a role in this context. This study aimed to identify genes and pathways involved in such processes which hint to relevant mechanisms underlying withdrawal. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study and longitudinal within-cases study during alcohol withdrawal and after 2 weeks of recovery SETTING Addiction medicine departments in two university hospitals in southern Germany. PARTICIPANTS/CASES Ninety-nine alcohol-dependent male patients receiving in-patient treatment and suffering from severe withdrawal symptoms during detoxification and 95 age-matched male controls. MEASUREMENTS Epigenome-wide methylation patterns were analyzed in patients during acute alcohol withdrawal and after 2 weeks of recovery, as well as in age-matched controls using Illumina EPIC bead chips. Methylation levels of patients and controls were tested for association with withdrawal status. Tests were adjusted for technical and batch effects, age, smoking and cell type distribution. Single-site analysis, as well as an analysis of differentially methylated regions and gene ontology analysis, were performed. FINDINGS We found pronounced epigenome-wide significant [false discovery rate (FDR)  800 CpG sites less), suggesting a partial reversibility of alcohol- and withdrawal-related methylation. CONCLUSIONS Acute alcohol withdrawal in severely dependent male patients appears to be associated with extensive changes in epigenome-wide methylation patterns. In particular, genes involved in immune system response seem to be affected by this condition. © 2020 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.Movement is one of the vital features of living systems, and remote control of bioinspired soft robotic systems in a precise, contactless and harmless way is extremely desirable but challenging. A near-infrared (NIR) photodriven polymeric oscillator is designed and fabricated by selectively coating a mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) polymer layer on the surface of splay-aligned liquid crystalline network (LCN) film. The oscillating motions of the LCN oscillators can be facilely manipulated by tuning light intensity and film thickness. More importantly, the programmability of the PDA coating enables the oscillating behaviors of LCN film to be predesignated and finely adjusted by coating the film with PDA locally and repeatedly. The self-oscillating movement mechanism can be attributed to the temperature oscillation at the PDA-coated LCN film since it is alternatively exposed and sheltered to the NIR-light irradiations. Owing to over 50% NIR irradiation in solar spectrum, PDA-coated film is found to oscillate upon exposure of focused sunlight, presenting great potential in fabrication of solar power generation devices. This provides a versatile strategy to fabricate NIR-light-actuated polymeric oscillators, providing inspirations in the development of biological soft robots and advanced biomimetic devices. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The preparation of organic small-molecule cathodes is simple and low-cost; however, their low conductivity and molecular dissolution are two key issues that mean their energy density and power performance are far lower than those of inorganic batteries, thus hindering their practical application. To develop an effective coating technology is the key to obtain high-performance organic batteries. A general method of in situ weaving all-carbon graphdiyne nanocoatings is demonstrated. The graphdiyne can be conformally weaved on organic particles under mild conditions so that the conductivity is increased and the dissolution is suppressed. After weaving graphdiyne nanocoat, the active mass of the small-molecule organic cathodes rise to 93%, thus delivering a higher energy density of 310 W h kg-1 than previously reported, and the power performance and long-term stability are greatly improved. Additionally, this method shows great potential to become the crucial technology for fabricating organic batteries with energy density close to prevailing lithium-ion batteries. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Nonmetallic ammonium (NH4 + ) ions are applied as charge carriers for aqueous batteries, where hexagonal MoO3 is initially investigated as an anode candidate for NH4 + storage. From experimental and first-principle calculated results, the battery chemistry proceeds with reversible building-breaking behaviors of hydrogen bonds between NH4 + and tunneled MoO3 electrode frameworks, where the ammoniation/deammoniation mechanism is dominated by nondiffusion-controlled pseudocapacitive behavior. Outstanding electrochemical performance of MoO3 for NH4 + storage is delivered with 115 mAh g-1 at 1 C and can retain 32 mAh g-1 at 150 C. Furthermore, it remarkably exhibits ultralong and stable cyclic performance up to 100 000 cycle with 94% capacity retention and high power density of 4170 W kg-1 at 150 C. When coupled with CuFe prussian blue analogous (PBA) cathode, the full ammonium battery can deliver decent energy density 21.3 Wh kg-1 and the resultant flexible ammonium batteries at device level are also pioneeringly developed for potential realistic applications.