Riddlekaas3697

Autophagy has been involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, it is not yet known whether autophagy plays a role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP is an interstitial lung disease resulting from exposure to a wide variety of antigens that provoke an exaggerated immune response in susceptible individuals. The aim of this study was to explore the localization of autophagy key proteins in lungs from HP patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and analyze their expression levels by immunoblot. Macrophages and epithelial cells were strongly positive for the autophagosome biomarker LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta) in HP lungs compared with controls. A similar pattern was found for the autophagy receptor p62 and the enzyme ATG4B. Unexpectedly, nuclear p62 signal was also noticed in macrophages from HP lungs. Regarding ATG5 and ATG7 localization, we observed positive staining in neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Our findings provide for the first time evidence that proteins from the autophagy machinery are highly expressed in the lungs of HP patients and describe the specific cellular and subcellular localization of LC3B, p62, ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG7 in HP lungs.Objectives We investigated performance of antenatal pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) among Chinese pregnant women, to explore its effects on postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China among 815 singleton pregnant women age ≥18 years, who were continent before pregnancy. Telephone follow-up was conducted at 6 weeks postpartum. Logistic univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to estimate effects of antenatal PFMT (frequency and duration) on SUI postpartum among subgroups defined by SUI during pregnancy. The interactions of antenatal PFMT and PFMT duration on SUI postpartum were tested. Results Among 798 women included in the analysis, 127 (15.91%) had SUI at 6 weeks postpartum. Only 157 (19.67%) women performed antenatal PFMT, none under supervision. After adjusting potential confounders, neither frequency (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.32) nor duration (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.87-1.23) of antenatal PFMT was a significant factor in postpartum SUI. No interactions of antenatal PFMT and PFMT duration on SUI postpartum were found in any participants or subgroups. Conclusion No effect of self-reported, unsupervised, self-initiated antenatal PFMT on SUI 6 weeks postpartum was found. Low doses and no supervision may have contributed to the negative results.Objectives Asian American subgroups' influenza vaccination is still below the US standards. This study examined the effects of patient-centered communication (PCC) on influenza vaccination and the general health (GH) of Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans. A group difference between younger and older adults was investigated. IACS-010759 in vivo Methods The 2014-2016 California Health Interview Surveys were merged (Chinese [N = 1,680], Korean [N = 514], and Vietnamese [N = 644]; age 18+; younger = 1,629 and older = 1,209). Two path models (PCC [measured by physicians' careful listening], vaccination, and GH; PCC [measured by physicians' clear explanation], vaccination, and GH) were evaluated. Regression maximum likelihood was applied for missing values. Results Both the first and second models showed good model fit scores (comparative fit index [CFI] = .95, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .04, and standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = .03; CFI = .93, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .03). There were direct effects of PCC on vaccination among younger adults. PCC directly influenced GH for both age-groups. Discussion A PCC manual for physicians in local or community health centers could enhance both younger and older adults' influenza vaccination.Purpose To assess whether the visibility of grade group (GG)1 prostate cancer (PCa) on baseline multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) affects clinical outcomes. Materials and methods We evaluated 454 men who underwent mpMRI between 2006 and 2018 with maximum GG1 PCa inclusive of MRI-targeted biopsy. MpMRIs were graded as negative, equivocal, or positive. Assessed outcomes were treatment-free survival (TFS), biopsy upgrade-free survival (UFS) and unfavorable disease at radical prostatectomy (RP) (pT≥3 and/or GG≥3). Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to estimate the impact of mpMRI and clinicopathologic variables (age, year, PSA density and measures of tumor volume on biopsy) on outcomes. Results During follow-up (median 45.2 months), 61 men were upgraded on follow-up biopsy and 139 men underwent definitive treatment. In men with negative, equivocal and positive baseline mpMRIs, at 5-years, TFS was 79%, 73% and 49% (p less then 0.0001), UFS was 89%, 82% and 70% (p=0.002) and survival without unfavorable disease at RP was 98%, 98%, and 86% (p=0.007), respectively. At multivariable analysis both positive (hazard ratio [HR] 1.93, 95% CI, 1.21-3.09; p=0.006) and equivocal mpMRI (HR 2.02, 95% CI, 1.11-3.68; p=0.02) were associated with shorter TFS, and positive mpMRI was a significant prognostic factor for UFS (HR 2.03, 95% CI, 1.06-3.86; p=0.03) and unfavorable disease at RP (HR 4.45, 95% CI, 1.39-18.17; p=0.01). Conclusions Men with a positive mpMRI and GG1 PCa on MRI-targeted biopsy are at increased risk of intervention, upgrading, and unfavorable disease at RP compared to those with mpMRI-invisible GG1 PCa.The endothelin (ET) system has been implicated to contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and stroke in experimental diabetes. Our goals were to test the hypotheses that 1) circulating and/or peri-infarct ET-1 levels are elevated after stroke in both sexes and this increase is greater in diabetes, 2) ET receptors are differentially regulated in the diabetic brain, 3) brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) of female and male origin express the ETA receptor subtype, and 4) diabetes and stroke-mimicking conditions increase ET-1 levels in BMVECs of both sexes. Control and diabetic rats were randomized to sham or stroke surgery. BMVECs of male (hBEC5i) and female (hCMEC/D3) origin, cultured under normal and diabetes-mimicking conditions, were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia. Circulating ET-1 levels were higher in diabetic animals and this was more pronounced in the male cohort. Stroke did not further increase plasma ET-1. Tissue ET-1 levels were increased after stroke in males, whereas peri-infarct ET-1 increased in both control and diabetic females.