Hendrixhemmingsen0915

pneumoniae caused ROS production without DNA release and degranulation. E. coli induced low levels of hMC degranulation combined with interleukin 8 and MCP-1 secretion and in the absence of ROS and DNA externalization. Finally, S. aureus induced hMCs prostaglandin D2 release and DNA release selectively. Our findings demonstrate a novel hMC phenomenon of DNA externalization independent of ROS production. We also showed that ROS production, degranulation, DNA externalization, and mediator secretion occur as independent immune reactions in hMCs upon bacterial encounter and that hMCs contribute to bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS Thus, hMCs exhibit a highly individualized pattern of immune response possibly to meet tissue requirements and regulate bacteria coexistence vs defense. © 2020 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Whether revascularization should be performed as multivessel intervention at the time of index procedure (MV-index), staged procedure (MV-staged), or culprit only intervention (COI) in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unclear. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the optimal revascularization strategy in this patient population. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies. The outcomes assessed were major cardiac adverse events (MACE), all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization. A Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with credible interval (CrI). RESULTS Thirteen studies with 8,066 patients were included in the analysis. There was a decreased risk of MACE (MV-index vs. COI OR, 0.35; 95% CrI, 0.23-0.55; MV-staged vs COI OR, 0.52; 95% CrI, 0.31-0.81) and revascularization (MV-index vs. COI OR, 0.27; 95% CrI, 0.15-0.49; MV-staged vs. COI OR, 0.38; 95% CrI, 0.19-0.70) with MV-index intervention and MV-staged intervention compared with COI. However, MV-index intervention and not MV-staged intervention was associated with a decreased risk of MI (MV-index vs. COI OR, 0.35; 95% CrI, 0.12-0.93; MV-staged vs. COI OR, 0.65; 95% CrI, 0.24-1.59) compared with COI. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that multivessel intervention either at index procedure or as staged intervention may be more efficacious compared to COI in patients with MVD presenting with ACS. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Non-noble metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts are highly desired for water electrolysis. However, constructing a water electrolyzer using a sole catalyst without compromising either its OER or HER performance is still challenged. Herein, we developed a simple strategy to integrate 2D/0D CoP in the same MOF precursor-derived hollow N-doped carbon nanotube-assembled polyhedron. The unique hierarchical structure endowed the resulting nanocomposite with both the advantages of more exposed active sites for 2D and large surface-to-volume ratio for 0D materials; while the hollow interior could benefit charge and mass transfer. Thus, CoP/HNCNP@2D CoP exhibited outstanding OER and HER activity and a low cell voltage when being employed as both the anode and cathode in a two-electrode water electrolyzer. The insight of integrating the same metal phosphide phase with diverse dimensions may inspire new thoughts to design hierarchical nanostructures towards advanced energy conversion applications. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Intestinal resident macrophages play a crucial role in homeostasis and have been implicated in numerous gastrointestinal diseases. While historically believed to be largely of hematopoietic origin, recent advances in fate-mapping technology have unveiled the existence of long-lived, self-maintaining populations located in specific niches throughout the gut wall. Furthermore, the advent of single-cell technology has enabled an unprecedented characterization of the functional specialization of tissue-resident macrophages throughout the gastrointestinal tract. BGJ398 PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to provide a panorama on intestinal resident macrophages, with particular focus to the recent advances in the field. Here, we discuss the functions and phenotype of intestinal resident macrophages and, where possible, the functional specialization of these cells in response to the niche they occupy. Furthermore, we will discuss their role in gastrointestinal diseases. © 2020 The Authors. Neurogastroenterology & Motility published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND As rheumatology nurses make substantial contributions to intensive management programmes following 'treat to target' principles of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is a need to understand the impacts of their involvement. A structured literature review was undertaken of qualitative studies, clinical trials and observational studies to assess the impacts of rheumatology nurses on clinical outcomes and the experiences of patients with RA and to examine the skills and training of the nurses involved. METHOD A structured literature review was conducted to examine the value, impact and professional role of nurses in RA management. RESULTS The literature search identified 657 publications, and 20 of them were included comprising seven qualitative studies (242 patients), nine trials (a total of 2,440 patients) and four observational studies (1,234 patients). In clinical trials, nurses achieved similar patient clinical outcomes to doctors, and nurses also enhanced patients' satisfaction of received care and self-efficacy. In the qualitative studies reviewed, the nurses increased patients' knowledge and promoted their self-management. The observational studies studied examined found that nursing care led to improved patients' global functioning. The nurses in the various studies had a wide range of titles, experiences and training. DISCUSSION Our structured literature review provides strong evidence that rheumatology nurses are effective in delivering care for RA patients. However, their titles, experience and training were highly variable. CONCLUSION There is a convincing case to maintain and extend the role of nurses in managing RA, but further work is needed on standardisation of their titles and training. © 2020 The Authors. Musculoskeletal Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.